[628] For the seal in baptism, cf. Clem. Al. _Strom._ 2. 3; _Quis dives_, 42, ap. Euseb. _Hist._ 3. 23; Euseb. _Vita Const._ 1. 4. 62; Cyr. Hier. _Catech._ 5; Greg. Naz. _Orat._ 40, p. 639; Orig. _c. Cels._ 6. 27. For the use of imagery and the terms relating to sealing—illumination—initiation—from the mysteries, Clem. Al. _Protrep._ 12. The effect of baptism is illumination, perfection, _Pædag._ 1. 6; hence sins before and after baptism, i.e. enlightenment, are different, _Strom._ 2. 13. Early instances of σφραγὶς are collected in Gebhardt on 2 Clem. pp. 168, 169; cf. also Cyr. Hier. _Catech._ 18. 33, p. 301. [629] Greg. Naz. _Orat._ 39, p. 632; Chrys. _Hom._ 85 _in Joan._ xix. 34; Sozomen, ii. 8, 6. [630] Sozomen, i. 3. 5. [631] Dion. Areop. _Eccles. Hierar._ 3, p. 242. [632] Clem. Alex. _Pædag._ 1. 6, p. 93; Athan. _Cont. Ar._ 3, p. 413 C.; Greg. Naz. _Orat._ 40, p. 648; Dion. Areop. _Eccles. Hier._ 3, 242. [633] Chrys. _Hom._ 99, vol. v.; Theod. _in Cantic._ 1. [634] Dion. Areop. _Eccles. Hier._ 1. 1; _Mys. Theol._ 1. 1. [635] Chrys. _Hom._ 1 _in Act._ p. 615; _Hom._ 21 _ad popul. Antioch_; Sozomen, ii. 17. 9. [636] Sozomen, i. 3. 5; ii. 7. 8; iv. 20. 3; vi. 38. 15; vii 8. 7, _et passim_. These examples do not by any means exhaust or even adequately represent the obligations in the sphere of language, and of the ideas it at once denotes and connotes, which the ecclesiastical theory and practice of baptism lies under to the mysteries; but they may help to indicate the degree and nature of the obligation. [637] For the sphere of the influence of the mysteries on the language and imagery of the New Testament, see 1 Cor. ii. 6 ff.; cf. Heb. vi. 4. [638] _Apost. Const._ 8. 32. Cf. passages quoted from Clem. Alex. and others, _supra_, p. 287, note 1; p. 295, notes 2 and 5. See Bingham, vol. iii. pp. 443-446. [639] _De præsc. hær._ 41. Cf. Epiphan. 41. 3; _Apost. Const._ 8. 12. [640] ἃ οὐδὲ ἐποπτεύειν ἔξεστι τοῖς ἀμυήτοις, _de Spir. Sanct._ 27; cf. Orig. _c. Cels._ 3. 59 _ad fin._ and 60, e.g. “then and not before do we invite them to participation in our mysteries,” and “initiating those already purified into the sacred mysteries.” Cf. _Dict. Christian Antiquities_, s. v. _Disciplina Arcani_. [641] See p. 293, note 1; also _Dict. Christian Antiquities_, s. vv. _Baptism_, _Catechumens_, especially p. 318, and _Creed_. [642] _Histoire de l’église d’Alexandrie_, p. 12: Paris, 1677. [643] _De baptismo Christi_, 4. ii. 374, τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρόντος, τῶν ἀγγέλων παρεστώτων, τῆς φρικτῆς ταύτης τραπέζης προκειμένης, τῶν ἀδελφῶν σου μυσταγωγουμένων ἔτι. Cyril, _Præfatio ad Catech._ 15. [644] Mabillon. _Com. præv. ad. ord. Rom._; _Museum Ital._ II. xcix. [645] It was one of the points to which the Greeks objected in the discussions of the ninth century. [646] c. 9. [647] Bk. ii. 57, p. 87; cf. viii. 5, p. 239, lines 18, 19. [648] viii. 11. 12, p. 248.