The Pampangos are close neighbours of the Tagals. They inhabit the rich and fertile province of Pampanga and a large part of that of Tarlac. There are also some detached colonies of them in the towns of Bataán, Nueva Écija, Pangasinán, and Zambales. The population of Pampanga is given in the census of 1876 as 226,000. Allowing one-half the population of Tarlac to belong to this race, we have to add 41,000, and supposing one-tenth the population of Bataán, Nueva Écija, and Zambales, to be Pampangos, say 27,000, we get 294,000 as their number in 1876. Doubtless they have largely increased since then. The Pampangos speak a different language from the Tagals, yet they can understand each other to some extent. Many of the better class speak both languages. The Pampango does not greatly differ from the Tagal in appearance or character, but his environment and his occupations are different. He is not so much a sailor, a fisherman, or a mechanic. He excels in agriculture, is a good organiser of labour, rides well, is a good hunter, and makes a bold and determined soldier. Large numbers of this war-like race have fought under the Spanish flag against the Mahometan princes of the Moluccas, of Mindanao, and Sulu, as also against the British and the Dutch. Pampangos as Cultivators. The towns of San Fernando, Guágua Bacolor, Mexico, Angeles, Candaba, and many others have been built up by Pampanga industry. They contain many fine houses, where the European traveller is sure of a hospitable reception. The staple crop of Pampanga is sugar, and I shall explain their organisation for its cultivation and manufacture. In Luzon the land is usually cultivated under an arrangement known as Aparceria. The conditions of Aparceria vary according to the locality, and to established custom, since on the land near a town a smaller share is given to the cultivator than on land near the forests, where if he were not satisfied he might commence to clear land for himself. Also the land near the towns is more valuable than that at a distance for various reasons. The following is an example of the terms usual in Pampanga. The land-owner provides: A. Cleared land ready for the plough. B. Sugar-cane points for the first planting. C. Sugar-mill, boiling-pans and the building for same. D. Money advances to keep the cultivator and his family, and for taking off the crop. E. Carts for carrying the cane to the mill. The cultivator, or inquilino, provides: 1. His labour and that of his family for ploughing, planting and cultivating the cane and fencing the plantations. 2. The ploughs and implements of husbandry. 3. The cattle (water buffaloes) for the above labours and for working the mill if it is a cattle mill. The money advanced to the cultivator by the land-owner is charged 20 per cent. per annum interest. For a daily task of 9 pilones from cattle-mills or 10 pilones from steam-mills there are employed: