[6] “Some Types of Cities in Temperate Europe,” by H. J. Fleure, in the “Geographical Review,” N.Y., December, 1920, which compares cities like Arles, Nismes and Toulouse on the one hand, and the north-French cities on the other. The author mars an able discussion of the subject by imagining a strong “Frankish” influence in the north—derived no doubt from the tiny mongrel war band of Clovis, some 8,000 strong, including Thuringians and Bretons, by which that leader raised himself to be consul, by imperial commission, over a Romanized Gaul of millions! The point is that military, civil and ecclesiastical authority were alike integrally Roman in the high imperial time. In Northern France, during the Dark Ages, secular civil government seems to have disappeared. Therefore, the Roman military officers who had turned themselves into feudal lords, and the bishops who continued to take their orders from Rome, obtained greater relative importance. [7] “Europe and the Faith,” by Hilaire Belloc. Paulist Press, N.Y., 1920. [8] “Politics,” Heinrich Von Treitschke, trans. Publ. Macmillan 1916. Vol. I, chap. vii, pp. 245, 246. [9] “Aucassin and Nicolette.” Passage translated by Henry Adams, in “Mont St. Michel and Chartres.” Pub. Houghton Mifflin, New York, 1913. Chapter xii, page 233. [10] “The Old Road,” by H. Belloc. Published by Constable and Co., London, 1911. Page 30. [11] “History of the Inquisition,” by Philip Limborch, Professor of Divinity among the Remonstrants; Chandler’s translation, London, 1731. Reference page 44, vol. i. [12] “Shelburne Essays,” Sixth Series, by Paul Elmer More. Published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1909. [13] “Mr. Britling sees it Through,” by H. G. Wells. Published by Macmillan, New York, 1917. [14] “Italy and her Invaders,” by Thomas Hodgkin. Published by the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1892. Vol. i, chapter III, p. 203. [15] “Renaissance Fancies and Studies,” by “Vernon Lee.” Published by John Lane, New York. 1909. Pp. 47-49. [16] See: Fragments of an “Ancient (Egyptian?) Gospel,” used by “The Cathars of Albi,” by F. P. Bodham and F. C. Conybeare, in the _Hibbert Journal_ of July, 1913. [17] “Essays,” by Francis Bacon: “Of Unity in Religion.” [18] I Timothy, chapter i, verse 20. [19] “The Mediæval Mind,” by Henry Osborn Taylor, _supra_ “Carolingian Scholars,” in vol. i, chapter x, p. 217. [20] “On Anything,” H. Belloc; Dutton, New York, 1910, p. 72, _et seq._ [21] “Apologia Pro Vita Sua,” by John Henry Newman, chap. i. [22] “Thus spake ‘Zarathustra,’” by Friedrich Nietzsche. Trans. publ. Macmillan, New York, 1914, chap. lxvi, p. 318. [23] “Mont St. Michel and Chartres,” _supra_, chap. xi, p. 218. [24] “Là-bas,” by Joris Karl Huysmans. Published Plon-Nourrit Paris, 1913. Pp. 362-3, author’s trans. [25] “Inquisition of the Middle Ages,” Henry C. Lea. Vol. i, p. 71. [26] “Inquisition of the Middle Ages,” Henry C. Lea. Vol. i, p. 122.