[Illustration: Fig. 149.--Thecla quercus.] [Illustration: Fig. 150.--Thecla pruni.] In the meadows are found the Copper Butterflies; butterflies with wings of a bright, tawny colour, with black marks on the upper side. Such is the _Polyommatus_ (_Lycæna_) _phlæas_ (Fig. 152), which is very common from the end of May until late in the autumn. The upper part of the wing is coppery, spotted with black, the under side of a grey colour, sprinkled with small eyes, and bordered by a zone of tawny spots. Linnæus counted forty-two little black eyes on the under side of the wings. [Illustration: Fig. 151.--Thecla rubi.] [Illustration: Fig. 152.--Small Copper (_Polyommatus_ [_Lycæna_] _phlæas_).] We also figure _Polyommatus_ (_Lycæna_) _virgaureæ_ (Fig. 153), and _Polyommatus_ (_Lycæna_) _gordius_ (Fig. 154), neither of which occurs in this country. In the meadows, the gardens, and the lucerne and clover fields, are found the charming Blue Butterflies, the wings on the upper side, in the majority of instances, blue in the case of the males, brown in the females. They comprise the genus _Lycæna_, or, as it is frequently called, _Polyommatus_,[49] though that name is now generally given to the preceding. We will content ourselves here by giving drawings of a few species of the genus, namely, the _Lycæna (Polyommatus) Corydon_, or Blue Argus (Fig. 155), which is not uncommon wherever there is chalk, in May and August; the _Lycæna (Polyommatus) battus_, or Brown Argus (Fig. 156), which does not occur here; the _Lycæna (Polyommatus) ægan_, which flies about our sandy heaths. [49] It may not be out of place to remark that although both these generic names are applied, sometimes to the one, sometimes to the other of these genera, the genus named in the text _Polyommatus_ and that called _Lycæna_ are never considered identical. When either name is applied to the one, it is not at the same time applied to the other.--ED. [Illustration: Fig. 153.--Polyommatus (Lycæna) virgaureæ.] [Illustration: Fig. 154.--Polyommatus (Lycæna) gordius.] [Illustration: Fig. 155.--Lycæna (Polyommatus) Corydon.] The caterpillars of this genus, as also those of the preceding, are broad and flat, resembling wood-lice, with very short legs, and are very slow in their movements. [Illustration: Fig. 156.--Lycæna (Polyommatus) battus.] [Illustration: Fig. 157.--Lycæna (Polyommatus) ægon.] In the numerous family of the _Vanessidæ_ are placed the beautiful species known as the large and small Tortoise-shell, the Peacock, &c. The large Tortoise-shell Butterfly (_Vanessa polychloros_, Fig. 158) has the wings of a tawny colour above, and of a blackish brown below, with darker spots, bordered by a black band, with a stripe of yellowish colour running down the middle. It is found in July and September on the oak, the elm, the willow, and many fruit trees. [Illustration: Fig. 158.--Large Tortoise-shell Butterfly (_Vanessa polychloros_).]