The caterpillar, which is cylindrical, white, destitute of hair, and striped with brown, lives principally in the hair with which furniture is stuffed, and sometimes in hair mattresses. When it has reached its full size, it abandons its abode, pierces through the stuff which covers the hair, and constructs for itself with this stuff a case of silk, open only towards the end where the head is. At the beginning of April it shuts its case, and changes itself into a chrysalis. We can only here mention some of the phytophagous species, as the Cherry-tree Moth (_Tinea cerasiella_), the Hawthorn Moth (_Tinea cratægella_), the Burdock Moth (_Tinea lapella_), and the Rustic Moth (_Tinea rusticella_). The caterpillars of the _OEcophoræ_ resemble whitish worms. They attack the leaves, the blossoms, the bark, and certain parts of the fruit of trees. Some of these hollow out for themselves galleries in eating the fleshy part; others also make galleries, but only in the cuticle of the tree, or in the tenderest part of its bark. Some, again, shut themselves up in one or many leaves rolled like a trumpet, while others keep at the summits of plants, whose leaves they bind together in a parcel with threads. And, lastly, some devour the stones of fruits, such as that of the olive. The moths of these caterpillars are very small, and generally of brilliant metallic colours, they are to be found in the woods, and still more in the orchards, from the beginning of June till the month of September. The _OEcophoræ_ are very slim and elegantly formed. Their anterior wings, which are very narrow, are often ornamented with silvery longitudinal lines, the posterior wings exactly resembling two feathers. The caterpillars live and metamorphose themselves in portable cases, which they manufacture from the membranous portions of leaves, whose flesh alone they eat. These cases are generally of a brown colour, resembling a dead leaf. They are attached perpendicularly under the leaves of many trees, but often under those of fruit trees. Certain species of _OEcophoræ_ have cases partly covered with loose pieces only slightly attached, formed of portions of leaves, and arranged in such a way that Réaumur compares them to the furbelows which ladies used formerly to attach to the bottom of their dresses. V. ORTHOPTERA. Among the Orthoptera[76] we meet with some of the largest of insects, and particularly those which are of strange and extraordinary shapes. The best known insects of this order are the _Mantes_, Cockroaches, Earwigs,[77] Locusts, Grasshoppers, Crickets, &c. [76] From [Greek: orthos], straight, and [Greek: pteron], wing, on account of the manner in which the under-wings are folded under the upper.--ED. [77] Made a separate Order, _Dermaptera_, by Kirby.--ED.