16 The older lawyers held that what has been said of the fuller and
tailor applied also to the borrower for use, on the ground that as
the remuneration which the fuller receives makes him responsible for
custody, so the advantages which the borrower derives from the use
requires him to keep it safely at his peril. Our wisdom, however, has
amended the law in this particular in our decisions, by allowing the
owner the option of suing either the borrower by action on the loan, or
the thief by action of theft; though when his choice has been determined
he cannot change his mind, and resort to the other action. If he prefers
to sue the thief, the borrower is absolutely released from liability;
but if he proceeds against the borrower, he cannot in any way himself
sue the thief on the stealing, though this may be done by the borrower,
who is defendant in the other action, provided that the owner knew, at
the time when he began his action against the borrower, that the thing
had been stolen. If he is ignorant of this, or even if he is merely
doubtful whether the borrower still has the property in his possession
or not, and sues him on the loan, he may, on subsequently learning the
facts, and if he wishes to drop the action which he has commenced, and
sue the thief instead, adopt this course, in which case no obstacle is
to be thrown in his way, because it was in ignorance that he took action
and sued the borrower on the loan. If, however, the owner has been
indemnified by the borrower, in no case can he bring the action of theft
against the thief, as his rights of action pass to the person who has
compensated him for the loss of his property. Conversely it is clear,
that if, at the outset, the owner began an action on the loan against
the borrower, not knowing that the property had been stolen, and
subsequently, on learning this, proceeded against the thief instead,
the borrower is absolutely released from liability, whatever may be the
result of the owner's action against the thief; the rule being the same,
whether the borrower be wholly or only partially insolvent.
17 As a depositary is not answerable for the safe keeping of the thing
deposited, but only for fraud, and, if it is stolen, is not compellable
to make restitution by action of deposit, he has no interest if it is
lost, and therefore the action of theft is maintainable only by the
depositor.
18 Finally, it has been a question whether a child below the age of
puberty, who carries away the property of another, is guilty of theft.
The answer is that, as theft depends on intention, obligation by theft
is not incurred unless the child is near puberty, and so understands its
delinquency.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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