The International Monthly, Volume 4, No. 3, October, 1851Various
History
The International Monthly, Volume 4, No. 3, October, 1851
Various
Art, Modern -- 19th century -- Periodicals; Literature, Modern -- 19th century -- Periodicals; Science -- History -- Periodicals
The aggregate number produced of all these different sorts averages upwards
of 1200 gross weekly, or about 9,000,000 annually. The annual consumption
of ox-horns is about 730,000, being considerably more than half the imports
of 1850; the consumption of hoofs amounts to 4,000,000; the consumption of
tortoise-shell and buffalo-horn, although not so large, is correspondingly
valuable: even the waste, composed of horn-shavings and parings of hoof,
which, from its nitrogenized composition, becomes valuable in the
manufacture of prussiate of potash, amounts to 350 tons in the year; the
broken combs in the various stages of manufacture average 50 or 60 gross in
a week; and as the crowning illustration of the enormous extent of these
comb-works, the very paper for packing costs L.600 a year.
There are so many beautiful instances of the division of labor that the
task of selecting is not easy. But let us take the cheapest article in the
trade; namely, the side-combs, sold retail at 1d. per pair: in its
progress from the hoof to the comb--finished, carded, and labelled "German
shell"--it undergoes eleven distinct operations. This comb, which twenty
years ago was sold to the trade at 3s. 6d. per dozen, can now be purchased
in the same way for _two shillings and sixpence per gross!_ thus effecting
a reduction in price of about 1600 per cent. As an illustration of the
value of labor, we give the following comparative estimate of the produce
of the three materials:----
1 cwt. shell, val. L.200, produces combs, val. 275, inc. 37-1/2 per cent.
1 ton horns, " 56, " " " 150, " 168 " "
1 ton hoofs, " 12, " " " 36, " 200 " "
Regarded in this aspect, in the relation of labor to material, we find that
hoofs--intrinsically the least valuable of the materials--become, with the
application of labor, the _most valuable_--that is, proportionably: and the
converse is true in the case of tortoise-shell.
At the time of our visit there were employed 456 men and boys, and 164
women--in all, 620 persons--exactly four times the number employed in the
comb-trade in all Scotland when the house commenced business.
From the National Era.
A REMINISCENCE.
BY ALICE CAREY.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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