Chapleau & Fils, Montreal: 1882. These are all works indispensable to the student of Indian languages.] The resemblances of these Indian languages to the Greek struck him, as it had struck his illustrious predecessor, the martyred Brebeuf, two hundred years before. M. Cuoq is also the author of a valuable Iroquois lexicon, with notes and appendices, in which he discusses some interesting points in the philology of the language. This lexicon is important, also, for comparison with that of the Jesuit missionary, Bruyas, as showing how little the language has varied in the course of two centuries. [Footnote: _Radices Verborum Iroquaeorum. Auctore R. P. Jacopo Bruyas, Societatis Jesu_. Published in Shea's "_Library of American Linguistics_" For the works in this invaluable Library, American scholars owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. Shea's enlightened zeal in the cause of science and humanity.] The following particulars respecting the Iroquois tongues are mainly derived from the works of M. Cuoq, of Bruyas, and of Mr. Wright, supplemented by the researches of the author, pursued at intervals during several years, among the tribes of Western Canada and New York. Only a very brief sketch of the subject can here be given. It is not too much to say that a complete grammar of any Iroquois language would be at least as extensive as the best Greek or Sanscrit grammar. For such a work neither the writer, nor perhaps any other person now living, except M. Cuoq himself, would be competent. The phonology of the language is at once simple and perplexing. According to M. Cuoq, twelve letters suffice to represent it: _a, c, f, h, i, k, n, o, r, s, t, w_. Mr. Wright employs for the Seneca seventeen, with diacritical marks, which raise the number to twenty-one. The English missionaries among the Mohawks found sixteen letters sufficient, _a, d, e, g, h, i, j, k, n, o, r, s, t, u, w, y._ There are no labial sounds, unless the _f_, which rarely occurs, and appears to be merely an aspirated _w_, may be considered one. No definite distinction is maintained between the vowel sounds _o_ and _u_, and one of these letters may be dispensed with. The distinction between hard and soft (or surd and sonant) mutes is not preserved. The sounds of _d_ and _t_, and those of _k_ and _g_, are interchangeable. So also are those of _l_ and _r_, the former sound being heard more frequently in the Oneida dialect and the latter in the Canienga. From the Western dialects,--the Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca,--this _l_ or _r_ sound has, in modern times, disappeared altogether. The Canienga _konoronkwa_, I esteem him (in Oneida usually sounded _konolonkwa_), has become _konoenkwa_ in Onondaga,--and in Cayuga and Seneca is contracted to _kononkwa_. Aspirates and aspirated gutturals abound, and have been variously represented by _h, hh, kh_, and _gh_, and sometimes (in the works of the early French missionaries) by the Greek [Greek: chi] and the _spiritus asper_.