Iroquois Indians; Mohawk language -- Texts; Onondaga language -- Texts
The nouns in Iroquois are varied, but with accidence differing from the
Aryan and Semitic variations, some of the distinctions being more
subtle, and, so to speak, metaphysical. The dual is expressed by
prefixing the particle _te_, and suffixing _ke_ to the noun; thus, from
_kanonsa_, house, we have _tekanonsake_, two houses. These syllables, or
at least the first, are supposed to be derived from _tekeni_, two. The
plural, when it follows an adjective expressive of number, is indicated
by the syllable _ni_ prefixed to the noun, and _ke_ suffixed; as, _eso
nikanonsake_, many houses. In other cases the plural is sometimes
expressed by one of the words _okon_ (or _hokon_) _okonha_, _son_ and
_sonha_, following the noun. In general, however, the plural
significance of nouns is left to be inferred from the context, the verb
always and the adjective frequently indicating it.
All beings are divided into two classes, which do not correspond either
with the Aryan genders or with the distinctions of animate and inanimate
which prevail in the Algonkin tongues. These classes have been styled
noble and common. To the noble belong male human beings and deities. The
other class comprises women and all other objects. It seems probable,
however, that the distinction in the first instance was merely that of
sex,--that it was, in fact, a true gender. Deities, being regarded as
male, were included in the masculine gender. There being no neuter form,
the feminine gender was extended, and made to comprise all other beings.
These classes, however, are not indicated by any change in the noun, but
merely by the forms of the pronoun and the verb.
The local relations of nouns are expressed by affixed particles, such as
_ke_, _ne_, _kon_, _akon_, _akta._ Thus, from _onónta_ mountain, we have
_onontáke_, at (or to) the mountain; from _akéhrat_, dish, _akehrátne_,
in (or on) the dish; from _kanónsa_, house, _kanonsákon_, or
_kanónskon_, in the house, _kanonsókon_, under the house, and
_kanonsákta_, near the house. These locative particles, it will be seen,
usually, though not always, draw the accent towards them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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