64. (p. 231)--Sir Thomas Dale, the predecessor of Argall as governor of Virginia; he was in the service of the Low Countries, 1588-95, and 1606-10; in 1611, he entered the service of the Virginia Company, where he remained five years as governor of the colony; and in 1619 he died at Masulipatam, while in command of an expedition to the East Indies. 65. (p. 233)--The charge was freely made at the time, that Biard and Massé, incensed at Biencourt, who had been unkind to them, piloted Argall to Port Royal. Poutrincourt and Lescarbot, disliking the Jesuits, naturally believed it, and the former addressed the French admiralty court on the subject, under the date of July 18, 1614.--See Lescarbot's _Nouv. France_, book v., chap. 14. Champlain discredited the charge, saying that Argall compelled an Indian to serve as pilot. Cf. Parkman's _Pioneers_, pp. 313 _et seq._, and Biard's own statements, _post_ (Letter to T.-R. Général, May 6, 1614; and _Relation_ of 1616). 66. (p. 233)--Argall's lieutenant, in command of the captured "Jonas." According to Parkman (_Pioneers_, p. 318), he was "an officer of merit, a scholar, and linguist," treating his prisoners with kindness. 67. (p. 251)--Reference is here made to Lake Champlain, the Mer des Iroquois and Lacus Irocoisiensis of the early French cartographers. Richelieu River was at first styled Rivière des Iroquois. In a letter of John Winthrop to Lord Arlington, dated Boston, Oct. 25, 1666, Lake Champlain is referred to as Lake Hiracoies.--_N. Y. Colon. Docs._, iii., p. 138. See also, Palmer's _History of Lake Champlain_ (Albany, 1866), pp. 12, 13; and Blaeu's maps of 1662 and 1685, in Winsor's _N. and C. Hist._, vol. iv., p. 391. 68. (p. 253)--The gar-pike (_Lepidosteus osseus_). A picture of this "armored fish" is given in Creuxius's _Historia Canadensis_ (Paris, 1664), p. 50. 69. (p. 253)--Jouvency plainly refers to what is still known as Bird Island, of Bird Rocks, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, N. W. of Cabot Strait. Authorities disagree in locating the Bird Island of Cartier's first voyage. See _Hakluyt's Voyages_ (Goldsmid ed.), vol. xiii., pt. i, p. 78; Shea's _Charlevoix_, vol. i., p. 112, _note;_ both indicating that what is now called Funk Island, off the eastern coast of Newfoundland, was the Bird Island of Cartier. Kingsford, in _History of Canada_ (Toronto, 1887), vol. i., p. 3, identifies it, however, with the present Bird Island of the Gulf. Champlain's map of 1613 has a Bird Island near the mouth of the Bay of Fundy. Anspach, in _History of Newfoundland_ (London, 1819), p. 317, says: "Fogo Island [N. W. of Cape Freels] is described in the old maps by the name of Aves, or Birds' Island." 70. (p. 269)--The Montagnais, a wretched tribe of nomads, were, at this time, chiefly centered upon the banks of the Saguenay River. 71. (p. 281)--_Venus mercenaria_, the round clam, or quahaug. [Illustration: MAP OF NEW FRANCE (PARTS OF UNITED STATES AND CANADA) 1610-1791.