The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, Vol. 4: Acadia and Quebec, 1616-1629
History
The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, Vol. 4: Acadia and Quebec, 1616-1629
Canada -- History -- To 1763 (New France); Indians of North America -- Canada; Jesuits -- Missions; Jesuits -- North America
That Order gladly responded to the appeal; and, having secured the
consent of the King of France and of the Pope, and assurances of
aid from the Company of Merchants, the first Récollet missionaries
to Canada departed from France, April 24, 1615.--See Introduction,
vol. i., pp. xx., xxi. Other Récollets were sent over, from time to
time; and, in 1620-21, they built a convent and chapel (the first in
Canada) on St. Charles River, about half a French league from the
fort of Quebec. This they named Notre-Dame des Anges; it was situated
(according to Laverdière) on the spot where now stands the General
Hospital.
By 1624, five Récollet missions had been established--at Tadoussac,
Quebec, and Three Rivers; at Carhagouha, in the Huron country; and
among the Nipissings. There was another, in Acadia, on St. John River,
founded in 1619, conducted by three Récollets from Aquitaine, and
supported by certain commercial companies at Bordeaux. This mission was
closed in July, 1624; and, immediately thereafter, its priests joined
their brethren at Quebec.
Just before their arrival, a conference of the Récollet missionaries
was held at Quebec, at which they resolved to ask the coöperation of
the Jesuits (also noted for the success of their foreign missions)
in the Canadian field, which was far too large and arduous for their
limited resources, hoping that the latter order would send some
missionaries at its own expense. The Récollets, even more austere
than the other Franciscan orders, were forbidden by their rules to
own property; hence their missionaries could not look to their own
order for aid. The Company of Merchants had agreed with Champlain
to support six of the Récollets; but, as many of its members were
Protestants, this outlay was probably an unwelcome burden to them.
Moreover, the religious dissensions constantly arising between the
Huguenots and the Catholics were felt to be a hindrance to the labors
of the missionaries, who would have preferred that Protestants should
be entirely excluded from the management of affairs. Sagard says
(_Canada_, pp. 860, 861) that he complained to Montmorency of the
disorders in Canada, for which he blamed the Huguenots; and that
the Récollet provincial at Paris, with Father Irenæus Piat (envoy
from the Canadian missionaries, to negotiate with the Jesuits), made
formal charges against them in the council, to the same effect. The
viceroy (in Rochemonteix's phrase, "a man of the world, who loved
pleasures quite as well as honors") had meanwhile gladly disposed
of his troublesome Canadian dignities (January, 1625) to his nephew
Henri de Lévis, duke of Ventadour, a pious man who cared not for trade
or conquest, but only for the conversion of the savages. De Lévis's
spiritual director was a Jesuit; the application of the Récollets
for aid from the Society of Jesus came at an opportune time for both
orders. It is also probable that the influences of the court, at that
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