Maimonides does not mention the term Creator except in the beginning of
each paragraph as a substitute for “God.” He employs the philosophical
term “First Cause” in defining the existence of God. In the sixty-ninth
chapter of the first book of “The Guide” we find the explanation
thereof. He says: “The philosophers, as you know, call God the First
Cause (עִלָּה and סִבָּה); but those who are known by the name
Mutakallemim (Mohammedan theologians) are very much opposed to the use
of that name, and prefer to call Him ‘Maker’ (פּוֹעֵל), believing that
there is a great difference whether we use the one term or the other.
They argue thus: Those who say that God is the Cause, implicitly assume
the coexistence of the Cause with that which was produced by that
Cause, and believe that the universe is eternal, and that it is
inseparable from God. Those, however, who say that God is the Maker do
not assume the coexistence of the maker with his work; for the maker
can exist anterior to his work; we cannot even imagine how a maker can
be in action unless he existed before his own work. This is an argument
advanced by persons who do not distinguish between the potential and
the actual. For there is no difference whether we say ‘cause’ or
‘maker;’ ‘cause’ as a mere potentiality precedes its effect; and
‘cause’ as actuality coexists with its effect. The same is the case
with ‘maker;’ so long as the work is not done, he is a maker
potentially, and exists before his work; he is an actual maker when the
work is done, and then he coexists with his work.”
“The reason why the philosophers called God ‘the Cause’ and did not
call Him ‘the Maker’ is not to be sought in their belief that the
universe is eternal, but in other principles, which I will briefly
explain to you. Everything owes its origin to the following four
causes: the substance, the form, the agens, the final cause. The
philosophers believe—and I do not differ from them—that God is the
agens, the form, and the final cause of everything; in order to express
this, they call God ‘the Cause’ of all things. Every one of these three
causes leads, through a chain of causes, to God as the First Cause.”
Maimonides further points out in this chapter that the choice of the
term by no means decides the question whether the universe has had a
beginning or not.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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