Maimonides (Mishneh torah, Hilchoth Yesode ha-torah ix.) says on this
principle as follows:—“It has been distinctly stated in the Torah that
its precepts remain in force for ever without change, diminution, or
addition. Comp. ‘The word which I command you that you must keep to do,
thou shalt not add ought unto it nor take ought away from it’ (Deut.
xiii. i); ‘That which has been revealed for us and for our children for
ever is to do all the words of this Law’ (Ibid. xxix. 28). Hence it
follows that we are bound for ever to do according to the words of the
Torah. It is further said, ‘An everlasting statute for all your
generations’ (Exod. xii. 14, 17, et passim); ‘It is not in heaven’ [26]
(Deut. xxx. 12). Hence we see that a prophet cannot reveal any new law.
If, therefore, any man, whether an Israelite or a non-Israelite, should
rise, perform signs and miracles, and say that the Lord sent him to add
one precept or to abolish one of the Divine precepts, or to interpret a
precept in a way different from what has been handed down to us from
Moses, or assert that the precepts which were given to the Israelites
had only temporary force and were not permanent laws: such a man is a
false prophet, because he contradicts the prophecy of Moses. The
mission of the Prophets after Moses is to exhort the people to obey the
Law of Moses, and not to make a new religion.”—Comp. “The Guide,” II.
xxxix.; and Saadiah, Emunoth ve-deoth, III. chap. vii. to x.
Rabbi Jehudah ha-Levi, in the book Cuzari, seems to have a different
view. He likewise believes in the permanent character of the Torah, but
he modifies his view in accordance with his interpretation of the
words, “And thou shalt do according to the word which they—viz., the
priests and the judge that shall be in those days—will tell thee from
that place which the Lord shall choose; and thou shalt observe to do
according to all that they will teach thee” (Deut. xvii. 9, 10).
According to his view, these words imply that from time to time
prophets or inspired men, or the highest authority of the nation,
whilst the Shechinah was still filling the Temple, issued laws and
orders, which had legal force, and all were bound to obey them. But
since the destruction of the Temple there has not been any man or any
court that had the authority to make new permanent laws. According to
Maimonides, however, there were no additions made to the Torah; the
Rabbinical laws are either temporary regulations or served as a means
of ensuring the strict observance of the Torah.
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