(1.) The first paragraph (‏קדש‎ Exod. xiii. 1–10) teaches that we must, in various ways, express our belief in God as the King and Ruler of the universe. Two laws are contained in this paragraph which are to serve this object—the sanctification of the first-born to the service of the Lord, and the celebration of the Feast of Unleavened Cakes. (2.) The second paragraph (‏והיה כי יביאך‎ Exod. xiii. 11–16) reminds us of the wonderful way in which God delivered our forefathers from Egyptian bondage. Remembering this deliverance, we are strengthened in our faith in God in days of trouble, for His ways are not ours, and when we do not see any prospect of relief God may be preparing help for us. (3.) The third paragraph (‏שמע‎ Deut. vi. 4–9) proclaims the Unity of God, and teaches us to love God and obey Him out of love. (4.) The fourth paragraph (‏והיה אם שמע‎ Deut. xi. 13–20) teaches that Providence deals with men according to their merits, according as each deserves reward or punishment. Tradition has handed down to us the way in which this precept is to be carried out. The four above-mentioned paragraphs are written twice on parchment, once on one piece, and once on four pieces, each piece containing one paragraph. The two sets are put into two leather cases (‏בית‎), one of which is divided into four compartments, for the four separate slips of parchment, and marked outside by the letter shin. [49] Through a loop attached to each bayith a leather strap (‏רצועה‎) is passed, the two parts of which are tied together [50] in such a manner as to hold the bayith on the arm or on the head. On the arm the case is placed that contains the four paragraphs written on one piece, on the head that which contains them written on four pieces. The former is called tefillah shel yad, “tefillin of the hand;” the latter tefillah shel rosh, “the tefillin of the head.” The tefillin are put on in the following way:—(1.) Tefillah shel rosh. The case is placed in front, just over the forehead in the middle, and the knot of the straps (‏קשר‎) on the back of the head over the middle of the neck; the remainder of the two straps hang down in front, one on each side. (2.) Tefillah shel yad. The case containing the parchment is placed on the inner side of the left upper arm, near the elbow; the knot is kept near it, and the strap is twisted seven times round the arm and three times round the middle finger; there are, however, different customs with regard to this latter practice. Tefillah shel yad is put on first, being mentioned first in the Divine precept. The reverse order is observed in taking off the tefillin. Originally the tefillin were worn all day long, [51] but at present they are worn only during the morning prayer.