The Festival is, secondly, called “the Feast of Ingathering,” חג
האסיף. The produce of the fields and gardens have been gathered in,
and the people rejoice before the Lord in gratitude for the blessings
which He has granted to them. “And ye shall take unto you on the first
day the fruit of the goodly tree, branches of palm-trees, and boughs of
thick-leaved trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice
before the Lord your God seven days” (Lev. xxiii. 40). In accordance
with the traditional interpretation of this verse, we take four kinds
of plants (ארבעה מינין), viz., אתרוג “the citron;” לולב, “a
branch of the palm-tree;” הדסים, three “myrtle branches;” and
ערבות, two “branches of the willow.” According to a Midrashic
interpretation, they represent four different types of plants, that
which has a pleasant fragrance and a beautiful form (esrog); the
beautiful in form, but without fragrance (lulabh); that which smells
pleasantly, but is inferior in form (hadassim); and that which has
neither a goodly form nor an agreeable fragrance (arabhoth), as if to
say that we are thankful to God for all that He has given us, although
to our mind some of these seem imperfect in comparison with others.
In obedience to this commandment we take, every day of Succoth except
Saturday, [123] the above four kinds into our hands, hold them during
the recitation of the Hallel, and make with them a procession round the
Synagogue, [124] while singing the hymns called hoshaanoth (so called
on account of the repeated occurrence of the word hoshaanah in them).
Before taking the arbaah minim into our hands we say the following
blessing: ברוך … אשר קדשנו … על נטילת לולב “Blessed art thou ... who
hast sanctified us by thy commandments and hast commanded us to take
the lulabh.” [125] On the first day שהחינו is added.
Succoth lasts seven days, the last five days being half Holy-days, חול
המועד. The seventh day is called Hoshaana-rabba, because on that day
many prayers beginning with hoshaana are offered up, during the
chanting of which seven processions round the Synagogue are made. [126]
The Feast of Tabernacles is closely followed by “the feast of the
eighth day,” שמיני עצרת, [127] which, like all other Festivals, is
kept two days. The second day is, in addition, called “Rejoicing of the
Law,” שמחת תורה because on this day the reading of the Pentateuch is
completed and recommenced.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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