Note 1.—These fasts begin with daybreak, except the fast of the 9th of Ab, which commences with the previous evening and lasts twenty-four hours, and is in all respects like that of the Day of Atonement. During the day the Lamentations of Jeremiah, various elegies called ‏קינות‎, “Lamentations,” and the Book of Job are read. On the Fast of Ab, as a sign of mourning, talith and tefillin are not worn during the Morning Service. They are, however, put on for the Afternoon Service. 2. The Sabbath preceding the Fast of Ab is called ‏שבת חזון‎, and the Sabbath following, ‏שבת נחמו‎ because the Haphtaroth on these Sabbaths (ch. i. and ch. xl. of Isaiah) begin respectively with the words ‏חזון‎ and ‏נחמו‎; the one containing rebukes and threats, the other a message of comfort. Besides these historical fasts, there are voluntary fasts observed by some as an expression of deep-felt piety; e.g., the three fasts of ‏שני חמישי ושני‎ of Monday, Thursday, and Monday, kept after the festive seasons of Passover and Tabernacles, in imitation of Job, who after the days of feasting sanctified his sons, and brought special sacrifices (Job i.). To this class of fasts may be reckoned the day before New-moon, called ‏יום כפור קטן‎ on which in some congregations the Afternoon Service is enlarged by propitiatory prayers. V. DIVINE WORSHIP, ‏עבודה‎. In the Midrash the following legend is related: When, at the conclusion of the seventh day, the sun had set and darkness had spread over the earth, Adam was afraid that the world was now coming to an end. But the Almighty caused him to find two stones, by means of which he produced light. On seeing this Adam was full of joy, and although he had himself produced the spark, he felt that it was to his Creator and Master that thanks were due, and gave expression to his feelings in the words, “Blessed art Thou, O Lord, our God, King of the Universe, who createst the light of the fire.” Thus the legend traces the beginning of Divine Worship to the first man; and, in fact, the desire to commune with the Creator and to give outward expression to the inner feeling of reverence and allegiance is so general that it seems to be part of man’s nature.