The discussion is fully set forth by Brandis, s. v. Arabarches in the Pauly-Wissowa Realenzyklopädie, ii. 342. The word “alabarch” or “arabarch” impressed the Romans somewhat as “mogul” impresses the English, and was used with the same jocular intent. Cic. ad Att. II. xvii. 3. Juvenal, Satires, i. 130. Footnote 110: Apuleius, Met. xi. 30. Drexler in Roscher’s Lexikon Myth., s. v. Isis, ii. 409 seq. gives a list of the cities through which the worship of Isis spread. Footnote 111: Sarapis was not Osiris-Apis, but a deity of Sinope in Asia Minor, duly “evoked” into Alexandria by Ptolemy. The matter is left an open question by Cumont, Les religions orientales dans le paganisme romain, p. 112, but the general consensus of opinion is in favor of the theory just mentioned. The opposition referred to in the text was less an aggressive one than it was an assertion of the distinction between Greeks and Egyptians. It broke down with the fourth Ptolemy, and Sarapis was more or less officially identified with Osiris. Footnote 112: Alexandronesus. Cf. Reinach, in Mélanges Nicolle, p. 451; Pap. of Magdola, n. 35. Footnote 113: Greek Pap. of the Brit. Mus. iii. 183, the ἄρχοντες α Ἰουδαίων προσευχῆς pay their water tax. Footnote 114: B. G. U. iv. n. 562. Footnote 115: The cartouches representing the Ptolemies contain all the royal titles of the Pharaohs. Footnote 116: Mitteis-Wilcken, Grundzüge und Chrestomathie, I. p. 42. CHAPTER IX THE STRUGGLE AGAINST GREEK CULTURE IN PALESTINE Footnote 117: Ecclesiasticus xxxi. 12-30; vi. 2-4. Footnote 118: Cf. ch. III., n. 14. Footnote 119: A full bibliography is given in Schürer, Geschichte der Juden 4th ed., iii. 472 seq. Footnote 120: Flinders Petrie Pap. iii. 31, g, 13. Footnote 121: By Mishnic tradition Antigonus was a pupil of Simon the Just (Abot i. 3). A later legend makes him the founder of the Sadducees (Abot R. N. v.). The saying of Antigonus is: “Be not like servants who minister to their master for the sake of a reward, but be like servants who minister to their master without the expectation of reward, and let the fear of Heaven be upon you.” Footnote 122: Andronicus (Hibeh Pap. i. 96), Helenus and Trypho (B. G. U. iv. 1140), Dionysius (Dittenberger, Syll. no. 73). Footnote 123: Cf. Oesterley’s edition of Ecclesiasticus, pp. xxiv-xxv. Footnote 124: Josephus, Ant. XII. iv. Footnote 125: Abot i. 4; Shab. 46 a; Eduy. viii. 4; Pes. 15 a. CHAPTER X ANTIOCHUS THE MANIFEST GOD Footnote 126: Polybius, XXVI. i. 1: Ἀντίοχος ὁ ν Ἐπιφανὴς μὲν κληθεὶς Επιμανὴς δ’ ἐκ τῶν πράξεων ὀνομασθείς. Cf. also Athenaeus, v. 5 (193), and x. 10 (439). Footnote 127: Ptolemy Euergetes II (Athenaeus, x. 10, 438 D). Footnote 128: