The question of the Molech sacrifices in Palestine is too uncertain and complicated to be treated here in full. Doubtless some Jews at various times sacrificed to Molech; but some Jews in Greek times sacrificed to heathen gods, or, at any rate, adored them while still professing Judaism, and throughout the Middle Ages individual Jews indulged in superstitious practices severely reprobated by the rabbis. The passage in Jeremiah (xxxii. 35) does not necessarily imply that those who took part in these rites deemed themselves to be worshiping Jehovah. Footnote 206: Reinach, Textes, p. 121. Footnote 207: Sat. xv. 78-81 and 93 seq. Footnote 208: Sat. xiv. 103. Footnote 209: It is a curious and instructive fact that Chinese have charged Christian missionaries with precisely this same crime, _i.e._ of kidnapping and killing children as part of their religious ceremonies. CHAPTER XIV THE PHILOSOPHIC OPPOSITION Footnote 210: Cf. the whole Lucianic dialogue on Images, 459-484, and Zeus Tragoedus, 654 seq. Footnote 211: Cicero, De Nat. Deorum, i. 23, 63. Athenag. Supp. xii. Footnote 212: Josephus, Contra Ap. ii. 37. Footnote 213: Euthyphro, viii. 3 (7A). Footnote 214: Sophocles, Oed. Rex, 661. Footnote 215: Cf. ch. XI., n. 19. Also II. Chron. xi. 15. The שדים are mentioned in Psalms cvi. 37 as deities to whom human sacrifices are made. Footnote 216: Isocr. Pan. 155-156; Lycurgus, In Leocr. 80-81. Footnote 217: For the Boeotians cf. the common ὗς Βοιωτία; Pind. Ol. vi. 153; _id._ Fr. iv. 9, and Hor. Epp. II. i. 244; for Egyptian _perfidia_, Val. Max. v. 1, 10; for Abdera, Juv. Sat. x. 50; Mart. x. 25, 4; for the Cretans, the famous Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψευσταί, Call. Hymn in Jov. v. 8., a proverb also quoted from Epimenides by Paul, Ep. ad Tit. i. 13. One may also note in this connection the Greek proverb, τρία κάππα κάκιστα · Καππαδοκία καὶ Κρήτη καὶ Κιλικία. Footnote 218: Livy, XXXIV. xxiv. 4. Footnote 219: Plautus, Rud. v. 50, _scelestus, Agrigentinus, urbis proditor_. Footnote 220: Cicero, Pro Fonteio, 14, 30. Footnote 221: Cicero, Pro Scauro, 17, 38. Footnote 222: Pliny, Hist. Nat. Praef. 25. Footnote 223: Africanus, ap. Eus. Praep. Ev. x. 10, 490 B, Clemens Alex Strom. i. 22. Footnote 224: Reinach, Textes, p. 122. Footnote 225: Cf. ch. VIII., n. 14. Footnote 226: Cf. ch. XII., n. 12. Footnote 227: Strabo, i. 66; Cic. De Rep. i. 58. Footnote 228: Cicero, Paradoxon, iii.: ὁτι ἴσα τὰ ἁμαρτήματα. _Parva, inquit, est res. At magna culpa; nec enim peccata rerum eventis, sed vitiis hominum metienda sunt._ Footnote 229: Cumont, Les rel. orient. pp. 157 seq. CHAPTER XV THE ROMANS Footnote 230: