Myths are understood by modern anthropologists exclusively as a
“folk-way,” with the effects of single creative imaginations almost
wholly eliminated. However, the better-known Greek myths are not at
all folk-devised. As far as the Romans are concerned, it has so far
been impossible to pick out a definite story which does not appear to
have been derived from an existing Greek myth by quite sophisticated
methods.
Footnote 253:
The phrase referred to is _Ubi bene ibi patria_, although just this
form of it may not be ancient. However, the idea, that a fatherland
might brutally ill-use its citizens and still claim their loyalty, was
something that the average Greek scarcely recognized even in theory.
When Socrates propounds some such doctrine in Plato’s Crito, 51 B, he
is consciously advocating a paradox. It was regarded as a noble ideal
somewhat beyond the reach of ordinary men. Its disregard involved no
moral turpitude.
In Cicero, Tusc. v. 37, 108, the phrase runs, _Patria est ubicunque
est bene_. That is an evident adaptation of a Greek phrase, such as
the one in Aristoph. Plut. 1151, πατρὶς γάρ ἐστι πᾶσ’ ἵν’ ἂν
πράττη τις εὖ.
Footnote 254:
Livy, Epit. lvi. Eunous, the leader, called his followers _Syri_, and
himself King Antiochus. Cf. Florus, ii. 7 (iii. 9), Diodorus fr.
xxxiv. 2, 5. Atargatis was the _Dea Syria_ that played so important a
rôle in the life of the empire.
Footnote 255:
The philosophic schools had the usual corporate names of θίασος,
σύνοδος, and the like. Or like other corporations they have a
cult name in the plural, οἱ Διογενισταί, οἱ Ἀντιπατρισταί, οἱ
Παναιτιασταί (Athen. v. 186). For the International Athletic
Union, ἡ περιπολιστικὴ ξυστικὴ σύνοδος, cf. Gk. Pap. in
Brit. Mus. i. 214 seq.
Footnote 256:
Cf. ch. III., n. 9.
Footnote 257:
Cf. Menippus in Lucian’s Icaromenippus, 6 seq. Menippus does not spare
his fellow Cynics (_ibid._ 16).
Footnote 258:
Macrobius, Sat. II. i. 13. The jest has unfortunately not come down to
us.
Footnote 259:
The book we know as the “Wisdom of Solomon” is unquestionably the
finest in style and the profoundest in treatment of the Apocrypha.
Such passages as i.; ii. 1 seq.; ii. 6; iii. 1 seq. can hardly have
appealed to any but highly cultured men.
Footnote 260:
Until the time of Claudius, we are told by John Lydus, no Roman
citizen might actively participate in the rites of Cybele. Cf.
Dendrophori, Pauly-Wissowa, p. 216. Claudius removed the restriction,
perhaps to make Cybele a counterfoil to Isis.
Footnote 261:
The story in Livy, XXXIX., viii. seq. is a case in point. The
abominable excesses which, as Hispala testifies, took place among the
Bacchae (_ibid._ 13) are almost certainly gross exaggerations.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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