THE JEWS OF THE EMPIRE TILL THE REVOLT Footnote 275: Verg. Ecl. i. 6-7; Georg. i. 503; Horace, Odes, I. ii. 43; Ovid, Ex Ponto, ii. 8. Footnote 276: Xen. An. IV. i. 2-3. Footnote 277: Cic. ad Att. i. 1. Footnote 278: While notoriously corrupt governors like Cotta (130 B.C. E.), Cic. Pro Mur. 58, and Aquilius (126 B.C.E.), Cic. Div. in Caec. 69, were acquitted, a rigidly honest man like Rufus was convicted under such a charge. Dio Cassius, fr. 97. Footnote 279: Ditt. Or. inscr. no. 456, l. 35; from Mytilene, 457, 659. Footnote 280: The Edict of Caracalla, called the Constitutio Antonina or Antoniniana, has been known in substance for a long time. Recently fragments of its exact words in Greek were discovered in a papyrus (Giessen, Pap. II. (P. Meyer), p. 30 seq): δίδωμι τοῖς συνάπασιν ξένοις τοῖς κατὰ τὴν οἰκονμένην πολίτειαν Ρωμαίων μένοντος παντὸς γένους πολιτευμάτων χωρὶς τῶν δεδειτικίων. The exact effect of the decree is not yet quite clear. It seems evident that the _dediticii_ were excluded. Footnote 281: Dio Cassius, xxxvi. 6. Footnote 282: Suet. Aug. 93. Footnote 283: Josephus, Ant. XIV. x.; XII. iii. 2. Footnote 284: The “heterodox Jewish propaganda” is of course Christianity. The success of Paul and other missionaries in Asia Minor is best indicated by the churches of Asia to which Revelations is addressed. Footnote 285: Horace, Ep. II. ii. 184. The sumptuous present of Aristobulus, which formed part of Pompey’s triumphal procession, Josephus, Ant. XIV. iii. 1. Pliny, Hist. Nat. XXXVII. ii. 12, must have made the Jewish kings symbols of enormous wealth. None the less, Herod’s unsparing severity toward his own sons was also well known, and it is said to have elicited from Augustus the phrase _mallem Herodis porcus esse quam filius_—Macrob. Sat. II. iv. 11—a jest which, as Reinach points out (Textes, p. 358), is of doubtful authenticity, and certainly not original. Footnote 286: Josephus, Ant. XX. iii. Footnote 287: Judea herself was free from tribute, but Herod was responsible for certain Arab revenues. Besides, he received from Augustus a number of Greek towns (Josephus, Wars, I. xx. seq.), and his kingdom included further Batanaea south of Damascus, Galilee, and Peraea, the Greek cities across the Jordan and south through Idumaea. All this was held by him as the acknowledged beneficiary of Rome (Josephus, Ant. XV. vi. 7). Footnote 288: Josephus, Ant. XV. i. 2. Footnote 289: Josephus, Ant. XVII. vi. 6. Footnote 290: Cf. ch. XI., n. 15. Cf. also Josephus, Ant. XVII. x. Footnote 291: Not merely composed of Herod’s old soldiers (Josephus, Ant. XVII. x. 4). Matt. xxii. 16; Mark iii. 6; xii. 13. Footnote 292: Madden, Coins of the Jews. Cf. also Josephus, Ant. XVIII. iii. 1. Footnote 293: Josephus, Ant. XX. viii. 11. Footnote 294: Josephus, Ant. XX. v. 4. Footnote 295: