[65] The war between Austria and France broke out on the Netherlands frontier in April 1792, and success in turn favoured each of the combatants. Dumouriez’s treachery in March 1793 allowed the Austrians to pass the French frontier, and the scene of action was removed to that country. England declared war against France in February, and despatched a force under the Duke of York to assist the Austrians. [66] The Opera House of Florence. [67] Lady Ann Hatton. Daughter of Arthur, second Earl of Arran, she married first, in 1783, Henry Hatton, of Clonard, co. Wexford; secondly, in 1800, John, first Marquess of Abercorn. She died in 1827. [68] King Sebastian (1554–1578), who succeeded to the throne of Portugal at the age of three, and was killed fighting the Moors in Morocco. [69] Count Rumford. [70] Lord Henry Spencer. [71] An old French measure. A toise is just over six feet. [72] He took part in the trial and condemnation of Charles I. [73] Armand-Louis de Gontaut Biron (1747–1793). He was guillotined in December. [74] Francis, afterwards second Marquess of Hertford; at this time Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Berlin and Vienna. [75] George, Lord Morpeth (1773–1848), eldest son of Frederick, fifth Earl of Carlisle, and Margaret, daughter of Granville, first Marquess of Stafford. He married, in 1801, Georgina, eldest daughter of William, fifth Duke of Devonshire, and succeeded to the titles on his father’s death in 1825. [76] George James, fourth Earl of Cholmondeley (1749–1827), who was created Marquess of Cholmondeley in 1815. He married, in 1791, Georgina Charlotte (1764–1838), daughter of Peregrine, third Duke of Ancaster. [77] Valenciennes was invested by the allied troops under the Duke of York, and capitulated after a siege lasting forty-three days. [78] La Fayette had broken his connection with the Jacobins after the execution of Louis XVI., and was forced to take refuge in neutral territories at Liège. He was there taken prisoner by the Austrians, and was kept in confinement at various places for five years. [79] Charles François Dumouriez (1739–1823). At the outbreak of the Revolution he was closely connected with the Girondist faction, and held for short periods the offices of Foreign Minister and Minister for War. He was appointed to the army of the north as Lieut.-General, and inflicted a severe rebuff to the allies at Valmy in 1792. After the execution of Louis XVI., however, he became lukewarm in the cause, and when defeated by the Austrians at Neerwinden he seized the opportunity of joining the Austrians, with a small portion of his army. He lived at Hamburg for some years, but finally settled in England in 1804, and was granted a pension of 1200_l._ by Government.