[331] E. C. Holland, "A Refutation of the Calumnies Circulated against the Southern and Western States Respecting the Institution and Existence of Slavery among Them," p. 83, Charleston, 1822. [332] Hurd, _op. cit._, II, 95 ff. [333] _Ibid._, II, 174. [334] Stroud, _op. cit._, p. 11; see also Olmsted, "The Cotton Kingdom," II, 92, and Rhodes, I, p. 369, for similar statements to the effect that the slave was personal property. [335] Stroud, _op. cit._, pp. 12, 44. [336] "Industrial Resources," II, 249, quoted by Hart, "Slavery and Abolition," p. 112. [337] _Journal_, pp. 230 ff. [338] This varying attitude of the master class has been extensively treated by C. G. Woodson in his "Education of the Negro Prior to 1861." [339] Tillinghast's "The Negro in Africa and America," pp. 106 ff. [340] _Op. cit._, II, pp. 12, 13. [341] II, pp. 108, 118. [342] _Journal_, pp. 25, 44, 180; Olmsted, "Seaboard Slave States," I, p. 390. [343] B. T. Washington, "Future of American Negro," pp. 54 ff. for a negro's witness to industrial training acquired in slavery. [344] Kemble, _op. cit._, pp. 60 ff., 29, 134, 153, 239, 263. [345] Lewis, "Journal of a West India Proprietor," 404. [346] _Op. cit._, I, p. 114. HISTORY OF THE HIGH SCHOOL FOR NEGROES IN WASHINGTON If one is making a collection of striking contrasts between _what once was, but now is_, he should certainly include in this list the Preparatory High School established for Negro youth in the National Capital, November, 1870, and the beautiful new Dunbar High School which was dedicated January 15, 1917. It is indeed a far cry from the basement of the Presbyterian Church in which this first Preparatory High School was located and the magnificent brick, stone-trimmed building of Elizabethan architecture with a frontage of 401 feet which was recently christened the Dunbar High School in honor of the poet, Paul Laurence Dunbar. This new school represents an outlay of more than a half a million dollars. The ground cost the government $60,000, the building and equipment $550,000, and it is considered one of the most complete and beautiful institutions for Negro youth in the country.[347] There is a faculty of 48 teachers, many of them being graduates from the leading colleges and universities of the country, and 1,252 pupils are enrolled, 545 boys and 707 girls.