[82] See "The Revised Statutes of Louisiana," 1852, pp. 524 et seq. [83] Rhodes, "History of the United States," III, 331. [84] Flint, "Recollections of the Last Ten Years," 345. [85] Olmsted, "The Cotton Kingdom," II, 213. [86] Captain Marryat, Diary in America, 67-68. [87] Desdunes, "Nos Hommes et Notre Histoire," 32. [88] This fact is based on the statements of the persons concerned. [89] Grace King, "New Orleans," 272. [90] Trotter, "Music, and Some Musical People," pp. 339-340. [91] _Ibid._, pp. 340-341; Desdunes, "Nos Hommes et Notre Histoire," pp. 117-118. [92] The most definite picture, and the best possible of the state of the persons of color in Louisiana, is to be found in Parton's "Butler in New Orleans." History will never agree about Gen. Butler. He is alternately execrated by the South, sneered at by the North, written down by his contemporary officers, and canonized by the abolitionists. If he did nothing else worthy of record, at least he gave the splendid militia composed of the free men of color a chance to prove their loyalty to the union by entering the Civil War as fighters. We are indebted to him for the pictures he draws of the slave population of Louisiana; of the wealth and beauty of the free men and women of color. Their population was 18,647. "The best blood of the South flows in the veins of these free people of color," he writes, "and a great deal of it, for the darkest of some of them were about the complexion of Daniel Webster." Parton, "General Butler in New Orleans," p. 517. [93] _New Orleans Picayune_, Feb. 9, 1862. [94] Report of the Select Committee on the New Orleans Riots, p. 126. [95] Ficklen, "Reconstruction in Louisiana," 121. [96] From Ex-Lieutenant Governor Antoine we have a statement as to how the troops were organized at Baton Rouge. Of the gallant officers of this first regiment, one man lives to tell of its glories. This was Col. James Lewis, who was in command for four months at Port Hudson. [97] The battle of Port Hudson, like the battle of New Orleans, is almost too well known to be told of. It takes its place naturally in history with desperate fights, reminding one somewhat of the battles of Balaklava. It was early in the morning of May 27, 1863, that the engagement began. The colored men in line numbered 1,080. When the order for assault was given they charged the fort, which belched forth its flame and shot and shell. The slaughter was horrible, but the line never wavered. Into the mill of death the colored troops hurled themselves. The colors were shot through and almost severed from the staff; the color-sergeant, Anselmas Planciancois, was killed, and two corporals struggled for the honor of bearing the flag from his dying hands. One of them was killed.