There has been preserved among the legends of the Zuni Pueblos of New Mexico one which apparently dates back to the coming of Estevan, the Black Mexican from the south. The scene of his death is placed at Kiakima, and the single Black Mexican has been magnified into many, but the legend is nevertheless interesting and significant. "It is to be believed that a long time ago, when roofs lay over the walls of Kya-ki-me, when smoke hung over the housetops, and the ladder rounds were still unbroken in Kya-ki-me, then the Black Mexicans came from their abodes in Everlasting Summerland. One day, unexpectedly, out of Hemlock Canon they came, and descended to Kya-ki-me. But when they said they would enter the covered way, it seems that our ancients looked not gently at them; for with these Black Mexicans came many Indians of So-no-li, as they call it now, ... who were enemies of our ancients. Therefore, these our ancients, being always bad-tempered, and quick to anger, made fools of themselves after their fashion, rushing into their town and out of their town, shouting, skipping and shooting with their sling-stones and arrows and tossing their war-clubs. Then the Indians of So-no-li set up a great howl, and thus they and our ancients did much ill to one another. Then and thus was killed by our ancients, right where the stone stands down by the arroyo of Kya-ki-me, one of the Black Mexicans, a large man, with chilli lips [_i.e._, lips swollen from eating chilli peppers], and some of the Indians they killed, catching others. Then the rest ran away, chased by our grandfathers, and went back toward their country in the Land of Everlasting Summer...."[11] J. FRED RIPPY. FOOTNOTES: [1] Jose Antonio Saco, _Historia de la Esclavitud ..._ (Barcelona, 1879), IV, 57 ff. [2] Saco, _op. cit._, IV, 74, 75, 178; Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo, _Historia General ..._ tom. 3, lib. 29, cap. 3. [3] Dec. 2, lib. 10, cap. 4; Bernal Diaz del Castillo, _Conquista de Nueva-Espana_, cap. 124. [4] Herrera, dec. 5, lib. 5, cap. 7-9. [5] Dec. 3, lib. 10, cap. 5. [6] Herrera, _op. cit._, dec. 5, lib. 10, cap. 1, 2, y 3. [7] Saco, _op. cit._ IV, 166. [8] _Ibid._, IV, 170. [9] Pedro de Casteneda, "Account of the Expedition to Cibola which took place in the year 1540 ...," translated in _Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States_ (J. F. Jameson, ed.), pp. 289-290. [10] _Spanish Settlements in the United States_, 1513-1561, pp. 278-280. [11] Quoted in Lowery, _op. cit._, pp. 281-282. THE ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE NEGROES OF NEW YORK PRIOR TO 1861