[66] _Am. J. Relig. Psy. and Ed._, 3: 304. [67] Allen, _Slave Songs_, 124, p. 101. [68] _Am. J. Relig. Psy. and Ed._, 3: 288. [69] Jacobs, p. 109. [70] _Am. J. Relig. Psy. and Ed._, 3: 309. [71] Allen, _Slave Songs_, 120, p. 98. [72] _Ibid._, 107, p. 86. [73] _Am. J. Relig. Psy. and Ed._, 3: 365. [74] Allen, _Slave Songs_, 80, p. 60. [75] Allen, _Slave Songs_, 108, p. 87. [76] _Plantation Life Before Emancipation_, p. 168. [77] _Am. J. Relig. Psy. and Ed._, 3: 331. [78] Atlantic Monthly, 19: 687. [79] _Am. J. Relig. Psy. and Ed._, 3: 317. [80] Fenner, _Hampton and its Students_, p. 215. [81] Fenner, _Hampton and Its Students_, p. 188. [82] Allen, _Slave Songs_, p. 73. [83] _Am. J. Relig. Psy. and Ed._, 3: 334. [84] Krehbiel, p. 99. [85] _Am. J. Relig. Psy. and Ed._, 3: 362. [86] Atlantic Monthly, XIX, 687. [87] Fenner, _Hampton and Its Students_, p. 219. [88] _Am. J. Rel. Psy. and Ed._, 3: 279. [89] _Ibid._, 337. [90] _Am. J. Rel. Psy. and Ed._, 336. [91] _Ibid._, 328. [92] _Ibid._, 332. [93] _Ibid._, 298. [94] _Ibid._, 328. [95] _Life before Emancipation_, p. 163. [96] _Hampton and its Students_, p. 187. [97] _Am. J. Relig. Psy. and Ed._, 3: 323. [98] _Ibid._, 337. [99] _Ibid._, 299. [100] Allen, _Slave Songs_, Song 103, p. 83. [101] _Am. J. Relig. Psy. and Ed._, 3: 328. [102] _Ibid._, 294. [103] _Ibid._, 293. [104] _Hampton and its Students_, p. 173. PRUDENCE CRANDALL Prior to the Civil War, education for the American of color, was for the most part surreptitiously obtained. There were, however, a few fearless men and women of the white race, who, endowed with a magnanimous spirit and indomitable will, rose above the sordid plane of self-advancement and comfort, brooked the tide of social ostracism and censure to a realm of true altruism in behalf of the circumstantially weak and defenseless race. Many of these noted benefactors belonged to that sect known in American history as Friends. True to their noble heritage, they faced the facts of social crises with intrepidity and strong convictions. They acted with unerring judgment and penetrating vision upon those principles sacred to the life and happiness of all mankind. In the vanguard of this honorable group, of martyrs to the cause of justice, stands an American school teacher, born of Quaker parentage, at Hopkinton, Rhode Island, September 3, 1803--Prudence Crandall. The noble purpose and sympathetic nature of this great teacher are clearly demonstrated in this extract from a letter addressed to William Lloyd Garrison, January 18th, 1833:[1]