N. H. no. Mas. no. C^t no. N. J. no. P^a ay. Del. no. M^d no. V^a ay. N. C. no. S. C. no. Geo. ay. The other part fell of course, as including the power rejected. M^r Madison & M^r Pinkney then moved to insert in the list of powers vested in Congress a power--"to establish an University, in which no preferences or distinctions should be allowed on account of Religion." M^r Wilson supported the motion. M^r Gov^r Morris. It is not necessary. The exclusive power at the Seat of Government, will reach the object. On the question N. H. no. Mas. no. Con^t div^d. D^r Johnson ay. M^r Sherman no. N. J. no. P^a ay. Del. no. M^d no. V^a ay. N. C. ay. S. C. ay. Geo. no. Col: Mason, being sensible that an absolute prohibition of standing armies in time of peace might be unsafe, and wishing at the same time to insert something pointing out and guarding against the danger of them, moved to preface the clause (Art. 1 sect. 8) "To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia &c." with the words "And that the liberties of the people may be better secured against the danger of standing armies in time of peace." M^r Randolph 2^{ded} the motion. M^r Madison was in favor of it. It did not restrain Congress from establishing a military force in time of peace if found necessary; and as armies in time of peace are allowed on all hands to be an evil, it is well to discountenance them by the Constitution, as far as will consist with the essential power of the Gov^t on that head. M^r Gov^r Morris opposed the motion as setting a dishonorable mark of distinction on the military class of Citizens. M^r Pinkney & M^r Bedford concurred in the opposition. On the question N. H. no. Mas. no. C^t no. N. J. no. P^a no. Mar^d no. V^a ay. N. C. no. S. C. no. Geo. ay. Col: Mason moved to strike out from the clause (art. 1 sect 9.) "no bill of attainder nor any ex post facto law shall be passed" the words "nor any ex post facto law." He thought it not sufficiently clear that the prohibition meant by this phrase was limited to cases of a criminal nature, and no Legislature ever did or can altogether avoid them in Civil cases. M^r Gerry 2^{ded} the motion but with a view to extend the prohibition to "civil cases," which he thought ought to be done. On the question; all the States were--no. M^r Pinkney & M^r Gerry, moved to insert a declaration "that the liberty of the Press should be inviolably observed." M^r Sherman. It is unnecessary. The power of Congress does not extend to the Press. On the question, it passed in the negative N. H.[98] no. Mas. ay. C^t no. N. J. no. P^a no. Del. no. M^d ay. V^a ay. N. C. no. S. C. ay. Geo. no. [98] In the printed Journal N. Hampshire ay.--Madison's Note. Art 1. Sect. 9. "no capitation tax shall be laid, unless &c."