The passive is formed by adding to the active one of the following terminations:--_a_, _ia_, _tia_, _hia_, _kia_, _ria_, _na_, _ina_, _ngia_. The causative verb is formed by the prefix _whaka_. _Tenses._ The present tense is formed by _ka_ before the verb, or by _e_ before and _ana_ after it. The past tense is formed by the prefix _i_. The future tense is formed by the prefix _ka_, _e_, and _tera_. _Adverbs._ _Ae_, yes, affirmation. _Kahore_, no, not, on the contrary. _Ekore_, not. _Au_ or _aua_, I do not know. _Inakaura_, a little while ago. _Inapo_, last night. _Inanahi_, yesterday. _Inaoake_, day before yesterday. _Aianei_, to-day, now, presently. _Pea_, perhaps, indeed, of course. _Ko_, then, thither. _Konei_, here, this place, this time. _Ake_, upwards, onwards. _Atu_, onwards, away. _Iho_, downwards, up above, from above. _Mai_, hither. _Tua_, behind, rather. _Mua_, before. _Roto_, within, the inside place, inland. _Waho_, without, the outside. _Puku_, secretly, without speaking. _Niamata_, in former times. _Meake_, soon, presently. _Ahea_, when, at what time. _Pehea_, how, in what way. _Oti_ else, in question, then. _Ata_, gently, deliberately. _Marie_, quietly. _Hanuga_, besides, not. _Kau_, only, alone. _Ki_, very. _Ara_, namely. _Prepositions._ _E_, by. _O_, of, belonging to. _Whaka_, towards, in the direction of. _To_, up to, as far as. _U_, according to. _Kei_, at, on, in, with. _Hei_, for, at; of time or place, to. _No_, from, belonging to. _Mo_, for, because of, on account of. _Roto_, inside, within. _Waho_, outside, without. _Tua_, other side. _Tata_, near. _Conjunctions._ _A_, and, as far as, there. _Koia_, therefore. _Oti_, or _Otira_, but, at the same time. _Ahakoa_, although, nevertheless. _Hoki_, also, for, because. _Notema_, because. _Interjections._ _Na_, or _nana_, behold! see! _E_, or _O_! oh! _Aue_, alas! _Taukiri_, exclamation of surprise. _Numerals._