The King's Mirror (Speculum regale-Konungs skuggsjá)
Philosophy
The King's Mirror (Speculum regale-Konungs skuggsjá)
Education of princes; Encyclopedias and dictionaries -- Early works to 1600; Scandinavia -- Civilization
experience evil in place of good; and because he wished to make himself
like God in knowledge beyond what was permitted, and blamed God for his
transgression with lying excuses, let him suffer the death of which he
was warned before he transgressed.” Then God said to Mercy that she
should pass judgment on this transgression. Mercy replied in these
words: “As it is my nature to urge forbearance and clemency to some
degree in every case, I request that Adam be not destroyed through a
merciless death; but since he now must repent of his error as long as he
lives, let him have hope of mercy and help in his death, as long as he
does not despair.”
Then it was discussed whether, in case he had sons, they should suffer
for his sin, or be allowed to enjoy the gifts and the riches that God
had given him at the beginning, but from which he had been ousted like
an outlaw. Justice said: “How can his sons, who will be begotten in
exile, enjoy those gifts that he forfeited as an outlaw because of
transgression? Let his sons follow him to the death. But whereas he
shall have hope of mercy and leniency and of a return to the possessions
which he has now forfeited, let his sons be recalled with him through a
new covenant.” And when sentence had been passed in Adam’s case, the
sisters all came to a friendly agreement; Mercy and Truth embraced while
Justice and Peace kissed each other with loving gestures.[295]
Footnote 295:
The story of the court proceedings in Paradise after the fall of man
and the discussion between Mercy and Peace on the one side and Truth
and Justice on the other was widely current in the thirteenth century.
It made an important scene in certain types of mystery plays, and it
seems quite likely that the source of the version given in the _King’s
Mirror_ must be sought in some dramatic representation of the creation
story. The account of the trial was made the theme of two poems in Old
French which have been attributed to the English ecclesiastics
Archbishop Langton and Bishop Grosseteste, both of whom were
contemporaries of our Norwegian author.
Homilies were written on this theme in the twelfth century by St.
Bernard of Clairvaux (Migne, _Patrologia Latina_, CLXXXIII, 770) and
by Hugh of St. Victor (_ibid._, CLXXVII, 623-626). There is a still
earlier version of the story in a homily attributed, though for no
good reason, to the Venerable Bede. According to this story a man has
a son and four daughters named Mercy, Truth, Peace, and Justice. He
also has a servant whom he wishes to try by giving him an easy task.
The servant fails and is handed over to the executioner. The daughters
now come into violent disagreement, but the son finds a way out of the
difficulty: he saves the servant and succeeds in bringing the sisters
into agreement. _Ibid._, XCIV, 505-507.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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