Penalties, 318–322, 324, 325, 327, 328. Penance, Theory of, 51, 52, 318, 319, 321, 343, 346. Pens, Sören, Icelandic merchant, 66. Persia, 244 note. Peter, Saint, 42, 248, 249, 282, 284, 285. Peter, Skule’s son, 48. Petrifying waters, 104, 105, 107, 128. Petrus Alfonsus, 9, 26. Petrus Comestor, 6, 10. Pharaoh, 236, 244, 278, 283, 305. Philistines, 329. Pilgrims and pilgrimages, 3, 19, 27, 28. Pitch, Use of, in defensive warfare, 225. Pliny the Elder, 18. Plural and singular terms, Proper use of, 187–190. Polo, Marco, 2. Pope, 175, 241, 294. Porpoise, 119. Portugal, 31. “Praise of Divine Wisdom,” Alexander Neckam’s, 12. Prester John, 11, 101 note. Pretenders to the Norwegian throne, 34, 35, 48. Promises, _see_ Vows. Proper names, Irish, 25. “Prow-boar,” device used in naval warfare, 216. Psalter, 276. Ptolemaic theory of the universe, 12–14. Purgatory of Saint Patrick, 110 note. Rabanus, Maurus, medieval scholar and writer, 20, 95 note, 147 note. Ram, siege engine, 221, 222. “Raven whale,” 120. “Red comb,” a sort of whale, 122, 123. Reindeer in Greenland, 145. Rhine River, 27, 28. Riant, Count, 19. Right whale, 121, 123 note. Rome, 27, 28, 241. Rorqual, 124. “Running wheel,” device used in defending castles, 223. _Sachsenspiegel_, 8. Saddle for use in warfare, 218, 219. Saddleback, a sort of seal, 140. Saint Edmundsbury, 38. Salmon, 109. Samuel, Hebrew prophet, 326, 328, 329. Sanctuary, Right of, 48, 64, 348, 351–353, 357, 358, 363. Satan, 132, 133. Saul, king of Israel, 42, 52, 53, 279, 283, 317, 319–322, 325–337, 339, 340, 344, 347, 357, 362. Saxon lands, 27, 28. Scarlet, 181. Scherer, W., 257 note. Schöning, Gerhard, Norwegian scholar, 66, 67. Scythes for use in warfare, 215. “Sea hedges,” sea quakes, 21, 101, 137, 138. Seals, 21, 139, 140, 142, 145. Self-control, The virtue of, 231–233. Serpent, The, in Paradise, 252, 253, 255, 261, 266–270, 272. Shabrack, covering for war horse, 218. Shetlands, 4. Shield-giant, military contrivance, 226. “Shield whale,” 120. Shimei, Biblical character, 341–343, 346, 353. Ships, Care of, 83–85; defense of, 215–217. “Short seal,” 140. “Shot wagon,” device for defending castles, 223, 224. Sicily, 17, 30, 127, 130. Siege warfare, 220–226. Sigurd Jerusalemfarer, Norwegian king, 28 note, 34. Sinai, Mount, 285. Skis, Running on, 103, 104. Skule, Norwegian earl and duke, 31, 35, 48, 52, 63, 64. Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study, The, 70. Solinus, 19 note. Solomon, Hebrew king, 46, 47, 64, 303, 340–354, 357, 358, 363–365. “Song of the High One,” Eddic poem, 50. Sorö, Danish city, 66, 67. Sorö edition of the _King’s Mirror_, 61, 65–68, 70, 120 note. Spain, 31. “Spear whale,” 120. _Speculum Ecclesiae_, 7. _Speculum Majus_, 6. _Speculum Naturale_, 7. _Speculum Perfectionis_, 7.