The zoologist thus comes into closer touch than ever with the profession of medicine, and the time has arrived when the professional students of disease fully admit that they must bring to their great and hopeful task of abolishing the diseases of man the fullest aid from every branch of biological science. I need not say how great is the contentment of those who have long worked at apparently useless branches of science--such as are the careful and elaborate distinction of every separate kind of animal and the life-history and structure peculiar to each--in the belief that all knowledge is good, to find that the science they have cultivated has become suddenly and urgently of the highest practical value. I have not time to do more than mention here the effort that is being made by combined international research and co-operation to push further in our knowledge of phthisis and of cancer, with a view to their destruction. It is only since our last meeting at York that the parasite of Phthisis or Tubercle has been made known; we may hope that it will not be long before we have similar knowledge as to Cancer. Only eighteen months have elapsed since Fritz Schaudinn discovered the long-sought parasitic germ of Syphilis, the _Spirochæta pallida_ (see fig. 6). As I write these words the sad news of Schaudinn’s death at the age of thirty-five comes to me from his family at Hamburg--an irreparable loss. Let me finally state, in relation to this study of disease, what is the simple fact--namely, that if the people of Britain wish to make an end of infective and other diseases they must take every possible means to discover capable investigators, and employ them for this purpose. To do this, far more money is required than is at present spent in that direction. It is necessary, if we are to do our utmost, to spend a thousand pounds of public money on this task where we now spend one pound. It would be reasonable and wise to expend ten million pounds a year of our revenues on the investigation and attempt to destroy disease. Actually what is so spent is a mere nothing, a few thousands a year. Meanwhile our people are dying by thousands of preventable disease. 2. THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AS MEASURED BY THE SUPPORT GIVEN TO IT BY PUBLIC FUNDS, AND THE RESPECT ACCORDED TO SCIENTIFIC WORK BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE COMMUNITY AT LARGE.