The Lake-Dwellings of Europe: Being the Rhind Lectures in Archæology for 1888Munro, Robert
History
The Lake-Dwellings of Europe: Being the Rhind Lectures in Archæology for 1888
Munro, Robert
Lake-dwellers and lake-dwellings -- Bibliography; Lake-dwellers and lake-dwellings -- Europe
_Metal._--From the commencement of the investigation of this
settlement it was inferred, from the finding of a number of coarse
crucibles with projecting handles, that its inhabitants were
acquainted with the art of smelting. Not only was there a little
copper found in the pores of these utensils, but there were, among
the wooden objects, some crooked clubs with a slit at the end (=Fig.
185=, No. 14), which could only be used as handles for flat celts
such as those generally made of copper. Within the last few years
these surmises have been confirmed by the discovery of several metal
objects, chiefly of copper, among which are:--14 flat celts (some
are in a fragmentary condition) (=Fig. 39=, Nos. 1, 2, and 5), six
daggers (Nos. 3, 4, and 6), three spirals, three awls, one fish-hook
(No. 14), and two small indefinite objects. Of bronze there are only
two articles, viz. a portion of a dagger showing rivet-holes, and a
portion of the stalk of a pin.[28]
_Pottery._--The larger vessels are made of coarse clay mixed with
sand, and are both clumsy and unornamented, with the exception
sometimes of nail marks round the rim. Instead of handles they
have perforated knobs below the rim or on the bulge of the vessel.
In striking contrast to these coarse dishes are richly ornamented
jugs made of a fine paste, and other small dishes with or without
handles. The ornamentation is peculiar, consisting of deep broad
lines, arranged in a variety of patterns, in which a white chalky
substance was inserted, and to retain it better the bottom of the
incised lines was sometimes corrugated (=Fig. 40=, No. 6). The colour
of this pottery is now greyish, but originally it is supposed to
have been black, so that the white ornamentation on a black ground
must have had a striking effect. A few objects of clay, in the form
of rude figurines, which might be conceived to represent some common
quadruped, as a dog, or a pig, or a cow, may also be noted (=Fig. 39=,
No. 15).
_Other Objects._--It is somewhat remarkable that in the whole of
this large collection there are only three small perforated objects
of stone which could be taken for spindle-whorls, and only one clay
weight; nor is there anything else that would indicate the art of
weaving, with the exception of a few knotted strings and a closely
plaited mat made of bast.
[Illustration: =Fig. 40.=--MONDSEE. Nos. 6, 8, and 9 = ¼, and the
rest = ½ real size.]
The personal ornaments are very various. Perforated teeth, imitations
of the claws of birds in white marble (=Fig. 38=, No. 22), and
circular plates of marble in the form of buttons, beads, etc. (=Fig.
39=, Nos. 13 and 16). In one place not less than 48 of the latter were
brought up at one haul of the dredger, which, when restored in order,
reproduce a bracelet (No. 16).
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