The land of the Hittites : $b An account of recent explorations and discoveries in Asia Minor, with descriptions of the Hittite monumentsGarstang, John
History
The land of the Hittites : $b An account of recent explorations and discoveries in Asia Minor, with descriptions of the Hittite monuments
Garstang, John
Hittites; Turkey -- Antiquities
also there is a conspicuous though partly defaced representation of a
priest of the Double Eagle, on a sphinx-jamb of the palace gateway,[567]
a symbolism which we read to imply that the occupant of the palace was
chief priest of the cult. This palace, however, at so short a distance
from the capital, probably marks the site of a royal estate rather than
an independent kingdom. Now we have already come to the conclusion
that the sculptures on the right-hand procession pertain particularly
to the locality of Boghaz-Keui, inasmuch as the chief representation
of the king-priest is associated with this group. Hence we conclude
that, following the images of the national deities on this side (the
Mother-goddess and her Son, the Lion deities), there come the images of
the local cult of this part of Cappadocia, namely, the twin goddesses of
the Double Eagle. The other female figures of this side distinguished by
separate symbols represent probably the priestesses of the cults, which
may have been to some extent allied; while the continued procession of
nameless women recalls to mind the rite of self-dedication practised in
the temples of Istar at Babylon.[568]
The left-hand series of sculptures is more complex, but open to
explanation in general terms on the same line of argument. The leading
figure clearly represents the Father-God (in contraposition to the
Mother-Goddess), the Zeus of the Greeks, the Baal of Tarsus, the
‘Sutekh,’ or national deity of the Hittites. This is shown supported upon
the shoulders of two priestly attendants, who, like the lions opposite,
seem to stand upon the tops of mountains. There is in this detail a
lurking reminiscence or absorption of a mountain-cult, which becomes
clearer in the two figures which follow. These deities we take to be the
local forms of ‘Sutekh’ pertaining to different Hittite states[569] other
than Cappadocian; the first is distinguished by the unsheathed sword,
the second by a detail of his dress, but both are almost identical with
the leader, while both stand upon mountain-tops. It is significant that
the peoples whom we suspect from their dress to have descended from the
mountains should preserve also in this way the unconscious memory of
their ancestral deity. Another figure of like kind follows, but it is
the two winged figures that particularly attract our notice.[570] Here
in Hittite art we have clearly deities from across the Taurus,[571]
claiming place in the ceremony here depicted just as they claim separate
mention in the list of Hittite deities in the Egyptian treaty.[572] There
follows the image of a priest-king; but whether that of the great king
seen on the opposite side, or of a vassal king from beyond the Taurus
similarly accompanying his deities, is not determined. The star-like
emblem and crescent which he bears must be a clue, if only it could be
interpreted. At this point we suspect the list of divine beings gives way
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