The land of the Hittites : $b An account of recent explorations and discoveries in Asia Minor, with descriptions of the Hittite monumentsGarstang, John
History
The land of the Hittites : $b An account of recent explorations and discoveries in Asia Minor, with descriptions of the Hittite monuments
Garstang, John
Hittites; Turkey -- Antiquities
Turning now to the reliefs that adorn the frontage-walls, it is seen
that, as at Iasily Kaya, two main series are opposed to one another in
the composition of the whole. In both the main themes are religious. On
the left-hand side the shrine of a Bull is represented, with priest and
priestess and attendants bringing up smaller animals to be sacrificed.
On the right-hand side the centre of worship appears as an enthroned
goddess, twice depicted; and other stones in the row are decorated with
a bull and lion of magnificent proportions. The cult-deity occupies in
each case the naturally prominent place, namely, the front face of the
corner-stones on either side, facing towards the worshippers and others
who follow in their train.
The bull (_a_), the object of adoration on the left, stands on a panelled
pedestal with projecting cornice. His dewlap, hair, full chest, and
heavy shoulders are delineated, and he seems to bear some special marks
upon his flank and quarter. His generative organs are represented, but
not in exaggeration when allowance is made for the tendency of old-time
sculptors to enlarge on details. He stands the emblem of earthly strength
and virility; and it is reasonable to infer from his counter-position
to the Mother-goddess, that he here separately embodies the essentially
masculine powers of her divine consort, with whom indeed he seems to have
been originally identified.[602]
In front of the bull, the nearest object, on the next stone, may be taken
for an altar, the precise form of which, however, is not apparent. It was
presumably round. Its pedestal narrows towards the top, and is crossed
by lateral bands, the alternate ones being decorated by transverse lines
in alternating series.[603] The figure who leads the worshippers is
the priest-king, a type familiar in the sculptures of Boghaz-Keui and
Malatia, only here he lacks the winged emblem which seems in the former
case to denote his sovereignty. Here, however, his dignity at the head
of the procession is apparent. He wears the same skull-cap, toga-like
robe, earrings, and shoes with upturned toes. In his right hand is the
reversed lituus, while his left, with the thumb prominent, is stretched
out towards the altar. He is followed or accompanied by a female, the
chief priestess, his queen. We do not hesitate in this identification,
derived from general considerations, because this office is associated
with the queen in the description of the seal of the treaty concluded
between the Hittite and Egyptian kings[604] to which we have previously
alluded. Her dress is interesting. She wears a skirt with oblique curving
pleats, and tightly fitting vest. Her hair seems to descend behind as a
pigtail almost to the ground, though some stray plaits may be seen also
falling over the ear. The earring is plain: so too are the turned-up
points of her shoes. The arms are in a curious position, and not easy to
trace upon the stone: it seems probable, however, that the left one is
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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