The land of the Hittites : $b An account of recent explorations and discoveries in Asia Minor, with descriptions of the Hittite monumentsGarstang, John
History
The land of the Hittites : $b An account of recent explorations and discoveries in Asia Minor, with descriptions of the Hittite monuments
Garstang, John
Hittites; Turkey -- Antiquities
We do not press the argument of these suggestions, but only regret the
paucity of evidence available. For the present we must be content that we
have been able to find some evidence as to the antiquity of the Hittite
settlement. We cannot suppose that the mounds of Sakje-Geuzi stand alone:
indeed a myriad others, that remain unexamined,[729] are evidence to the
contrary, and considerable inference may be made with these as basis from
the disposition of the Hittite tribes as revealed by the first light
of history. One powerful branch must have early seized the position of
Carchemish, while others settled in the plains that lie westward of the
Euphrates. Others again found their homes in the valleys of the Kara
Su and the Orontes, while some branches passed the Lebanon and mingled
with the aboriginal people of southern Syria, where they were gradually
submerged. If we are right in our argument, the habitable valleys of the
Taurus and anti-Taurus regions must have been earlier peopled; and to
judge from the relationship we have indicated, the western extension
of these tribes in Asia Minor must have been considerable even as early
as neolithic times. Whether the Hatti rulers themselves were part of a
later immigration is still open to consideration; upon that point we
await further evidence. The Hittites would seem to have brought with them
(sooner or later) a new cycle of deities, with Babylonian prototypes,
including their national Sandes or Sandan, lord of heaven, a god of
the skies with lightning in his hand, in one of his various forms; and
they seem to have absorbed into their pantheon a number of acceptable
nature-cults, like the worship of mountains and streams and of the
mother-goddess of earth, already practised by an earlier population whom
they overlaid. The sun-god they seem to have received from contact with
the Semite, and to have identified him with their own chief god. With
regard to other aspects of their primitive culture, we can argue from the
one site of Sakje-Geuzi alone, and from the reflected witness of later
times. There is only one general assumption, therefore, that we make,
that once settled in a metal-producing country, in contact with the rich
mines of the Caucasus,[730] and the copper sources in Cyprus and the
Taurus, their civilisation would share to the full in the stimulus of the
copper and bronze ages as these arose. It is at the latter stage that
they emerge into the full light of history[731] in the fourteenth century
B.C.
[Illustration: PLATE LXXXV
THE WESTWARD DRIFT: NOMADS PASSING INTO ASIA MINOR THROUGH THE CILICIAN
GATES.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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