The Last American FrontierPaxson, Frederic L. (Frederic Logan)
History
The Last American Frontier
Paxson, Frederic L. (Frederic Logan)
Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.); West (U.S.) -- History
The military authorities were far from eager to hold this council.
Already the breach between the military power responsible for policing
the plains and the civilian department which managed the tribes was
wide. Thus General Pope, commanding the Department of the Missouri,
grumbled to Grant in June that whenever Indian hostilities occurred,
the Indian Department, which was really responsible, blamed the
soldiers for causing them. He complained of the divided jurisdiction
and of the policy of buying treaties from the tribes by presents made
at the councils. In reference to this special treaty he had "only to
say that the Sioux Indians have been attacking everybody in their
region of country; and only lately ... attacked in heavy force Fort
Rice, on the upper Missouri, well fortified and garrisoned by four
companies of infantry with artillery. If these things show any desire
for peace, I confess I am not able to perceive it."
In future years this breach was to become wider yet. At Sand Creek the
military authorities had justified the attack against the criticism of
the local Indian agents and Eastern philanthropists. There was indeed
plenty of evidence of misconduct on both sides. If the troops were
guilty on the charge of being over-ready to fight--and here the words
of Governor Evans were prophetic, "Now the war ... is nearly through,
and the Great Father will not know what to do with all his soldiers,
except to send them after the Indians on the plains,"--the Indian
agents often succumbed to the opportunity for petty thieving. The case
of one of the agents of the Yankton Sioux illustrates this. It was his
custom each year to have the chiefs of his tribe sign general receipts
for everything sent to the agency. Thus at the end of the year he could
turn in Indians' vouchers and report nothing on hand. But the receipt
did not mean that the Indian had got the goods; although signed for,
these were left in the hands of the agent to be given out as needed.
The inference is strong that many of the supplies intended for and
signed for by the Indians went into the pocket of the agent. During the
third quarter of 1863 this agent claimed to have issued to his charges:
"One pair of bay horses, 7 years old; ... 1 dozen 17-inch mill files;
... 6 dozen Seidlitz powders; 6 pounds compound syrup of squills; 6
dozen Ayer's pills; ... 3 bottles of rose water; ... 1 pound of wax;
... 1 ream of vouchers; ... 1/2 M 6434 8-1/2-inch official envelopes;
... 4 bottles 8-ounce mucilage." So great was this particular agent's
power that it was nearly impossible to get evidence against him. "If
I do, he will fix it so I'll never get anything in the world and he
will drive me out of the country," was typical of the attitude of his
neighbors.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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