The Last American FrontierPaxson, Frederic L. (Frederic Logan)
History
The Last American Frontier
Paxson, Frederic L. (Frederic Logan)
Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.); West (U.S.) -- History
On August 6, 1867, the Commission organized at St. Louis and discussed
plans for getting into touch with the tribes with whom it had to treat.
"The first difficulty presenting itself was to secure an interview with
the chiefs and leading warriors of these hostile tribes. They were
roaming over an immense country, thousands of miles in extent, and much
of it unknown even to hunters and trappers of the white race. Small
war parties constantly emerging from this vast extent of unexplored
country would suddenly strike the border settlements, killing the men
and carrying off into captivity the women and children. Companies of
workmen on the railroads, at points hundreds of miles from each other,
would be attacked on the same day, perhaps in the same hour. Overland
mail coaches could not be run without military escort, and railroad
and mail stations unguarded by soldiery were in perpetual danger. All
safe transit across the plains had ceased. To go without soldiers was
hazardous in the extreme; to go with them forbade reasonable hope of
securing peaceful interviews with the enemy." Fortunately the Peace
Commission contained within itself the most useful of assistants.
General Sherman and Commissioner Taylor sent out word to the Indians
through the military posts and Indian agencies, notifying the tribes
that the Commissioners desired to confer with them near Fort Laramie in
September and Fort Larned in October.
The Fort Laramie conference bore no fruit during the summer of 1867.
After inspecting conditions on the upper Missouri the Commissioners
proceeded to Omaha in September and thence to North Platte station
on the Union Pacific Railroad. Here they met Swift Bear of the Brulé
Sioux and learned that the Sioux would not be ready to meet them until
November. The Powder River War was still being fought by chiefs who
could not be reached easily and whose delegations must be delayed. When
the Commissioners returned to Fort Laramie in November, they found
matters little better. Red Cloud, who was the recognized leader of the
Oglala and Brulé Sioux and the hostile northern Cheyenne, refused even
to see the envoys, and sent them word: "that his war against the whites
was to save the valley of the Powder River, the only hunting ground
left to his nation, from our intrusion. He assured us that whenever
the military garrisons at Fort Philip Kearney and Fort C. F. Smith
were withdrawn, the war on his part would cease." Regretfully, the
Commissioners left Fort Laramie, having seen no savages except a few
non-hostile Crows, and having summoned Red Cloud to meet them during
the following summer, after asking "a truce or cessation of hostilities
until the council could be held."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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