Apache Indians, 247, 267, 268, 292, 312; treaty of 1853 with, 124; troubles with, in Arizona, 162-163; last struggles of, against whites, 368-369. Arapaho Indians, 247, 248, 252, 256 ff., 263, 267, 292; Medicine Lodge treaty with, 292-293; issue of arms to, 312-313; join in war of 1868, 313-318; Custer's defeat of, 317-318. Arapahoe, county of, 141. Arickara Indians, treaties of 1851 with, 123-124. Arizona, beginnings of, 158 ff.; erection of territory of, 162. Arkansas, boundaries of, 28-29; admission as a state, 40. Army, question of control of Indian affairs by, 324-344. Assiniboin Indians, treaties of 1851 with, 123-124. Atchison, Senator, 129. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé Railway, 347, 384. Atlantic and Pacific Railway, 375, 376, 377; becomes the St. Louis and San Francisco, 378. Augur, General C. C., 292, 295, 359. Auraria settlement, Colorado, 142. Bannack City, mining centre, 168. Bannock Indians, 295. Beadle, John H., on western railways and their builders, 332-333, 335. Bear Flag Republic, the, 105. Becknell, William, 56. Beckwith, Lieut. E. G., Pacific railway survey by, 203-206. Bell, English traveller, on railway building in the West, 329-331. Benton, Thomas Hart, 58; interest of, in railways, 193-194. Bent's Fort, 65, 66. Billings, Frederick, 382. Blackfoot Indians, 264. Black Hawk, Colorado, village of, 145. Black Hawk, Indian chief, 17. Black Hawk War, 21, 25-26, 37. Black Hills, discovery of gold in, 359; troubles with Indians resulting from discovery, 361 ff. Black Kettle, Indian chief, 255-261; leads war party in 1868, 313; death of, 317. Blind pool, Villard's, 383. Boisé mines, 165. Boulder, Colorado, 145. Bowles, Samuel, on railway terminal towns, 332, 333. Box family outrage, 307. Bridge across the Mississippi, the first, 210. Bridger, "Jim," 274. Brown, John, murder of Kansans by, 134. Brulé Sioux Indians, 264, 266. Bull Bear, Indian chief, 309. Bureau of Indian Affairs, 31, 123, 341 ff. Burlington, capital of Iowa territory, 45; description of, in 1840, 47-48. Burnett, governor of California, 117. Bushwhacking in Kansas during Civil War, 231. Butterfield, John, mail and express route of, 177 ff. Byers, Denver editor, 144; quoted, 149, 150. Caddo Indians, 28. California, early American designs on, 104-105; becomes American possession, 105; discovery of gold in, and results, 108-113; population in 1850, 117; local railways constructed in, 219; Central Pacific Railway in, 220, 222. Camels, experiment with, in Texas, 176. Camp Grant massacre, 162. Canals, land grants in aid of, 215, 217. Canby, E. R. S., 228, 233; murder of, 367. Carleton, Colonel J. H., 160, 233. Carlyle, George H., 250-251. Carrington, Colonel Henry B., 274-275. Carson, Kit, 285.