“On the 20th of June 1865, Napoleon III. wrote thus to Marshal MacMahon, Governor of Algeria:—‘When our manner of regenerating a vanquished nation becomes an object of envy to the fifteen millions of Arabs scattered over other parts of Africa and Asia; when our supremacy, established at the foot of Mount Atlas, appears to them an intervention of Providence, _that day_ the glory of France will resound from Tunis to the Euphrates!’ “The Protectorate of France over Tunis will very shortly menace the freedom of trade at the great Saharian Fair of Berbera Zeilah (the Roman _Avalites Emporium_), which lasts six months, and up to the present time affords the most important means of commerce between England and Africa. By this Protectorate she also assures to herself not only a practical monopoly of commerce, but the possession of the Soudan as a recruiting ground, from which no less than four hundred thousand fighting men are obtainable (_vide_ Report of M. Selve, afterwards Solyman Pasha, organiser of Mehemet Ali’s army, and Lieutenant of France under Louis Philippe Egalité). “It is known that the Soudan furnished 300,000 men towards Louis Philippe’s _levée de boucliers_, but he was ultimately vanquished by the energetic policy of Lord Palmerston and the diplomacy of the Berlin Foreign Office. “The political manifesto of France in Africa (from which Napoleon’s letter has been quoted) is now very studiously ignored by British opportunist statesmen. Article IV., which is particularly instructive, and is entitled ‘Les Turcos,’ says, ‘_the most useful products which Africa can give to France are her soldiers_.’ The same article speaks of bounties of 300 francs for each enlistment, &c. “Messrs. Gladstone and Dilke should read carefully a once popular pamphlet in France, entitled ‘La Regénération Militaire Française.’ It was written by General Yusef, and is dedicated to Marshal Bugeaud (the Arab roaster). At page 1 he says: ‘AFRICA BELONGS TO-DAY TO FRANCE,’ and, later on, ‘by the aid of her camels and dromedaries, France _is to go_ into the Soudan, _and_ FROM TUNIS UP TO THE EUPHRATES.’ General Yusef extols the expedition of General Carbuccia, and his plan of alliances with the tribes and with the Kabyles, which is also glorified by the apostle of _chauvinisme par excellence_, M. Thiers, in the second volume of his ‘History of the French Revolution.’ “The fatal error of England is, that she never understood this self- evident fact—that the political aim of France, both before and since her usurpation of Algeria, has been to found the Empire _Carthage Gauloise_, and so dictate the law to England in the East.