and the Lieutenant and Judge of the said Court, his Surrogate or Surrogates, as also the several Courts of Admiralty within Her Majesty's dominions, which shall be duly commissionated to take cognizance of, and judicially proceed upon, all and all manner of captures, seizures, prizes, and reprisals of all ships, vessels, and goods, that are or shall be taken, and to hear and determine the same; and, according to the Courts of Admiralty and the Law of Nations, to adjudge and condemn all such ships, vessels, and goods, as shall belong to the Emperor of all the Russias or his subjects, or to any others inhabiting within any of his countries, territories, or dominions: and they are likewise to prepare and lay before Her Majesty, at this Board, a Draft of such Instructions as may be proper to be sent to the said several Courts of Admiralty in Her Majesty's dominions, possessions, and colonies, for their guidance herein. From the Court at Buckingham Palace, this twenty-ninth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four. INDEX. ADMIRALTY. Droits of Admiralty, 6 AMBASSADORS, 85 ARMED NEUTRALITY, 92 AFFREIGHTMENT, 16 BILLS OF EXCHANGE. Drawn during war, 14 BLOCKADES, 86 By whom Proclaimed, 86 Violation of, 87 First Rule of, 87 Second Rule, 87 Third Rule, 89 Simple Blockade, 88 Blockade in Fact, 88 Blockade with Notification, 88 Maritime Blockade not violated by Land Carriage, 90 CONTRACTS. With Enemy, void, 12 Made before the war, 15 CARTEL, 20 Principles of Cartel, 33 CARGOES. Distinguished from Ships, 30 CONDEMNATION. Preliminary Proceedings, 44 CAPTORS. Answerable for Damages, 68 When entitled to Freight, 74 CONVOYS, 91 CONTRABAND OF WAR, 76 Provisions, when Contraband, 77 Lord Stowell's Opinion, 78 Neutral Ships transporting Enemy's Forces, 83 Neutral Ships carrying Enemy's Despatches, 84 Penalty for Contraband Trade, 85 Further Penalties, 85 Return Voyage Free, 86 Articles of Contraband, 101 DECLARATION OF WAR, 2 Contents, 3 The Late Declarations, 101 When retroactive, 98 DEBTS. Due to or from an Enemy, 7 DOMICILE. Test of Nationality, 24 Test of Domicile, 25 In Eastern Countries, 27 EMBARGO. Hostile, 6 Civil and Hostile, 97 ENEMY. Alien Enemy cannot Sue in this Country, 9 Who is Enemy?, 21 Natural Enemies, 23 FUNDS. Public, 5 FOREIGNERS. Married in this Country, 22 FREE GOODS. In Enemy's Ships, 73 Free Goods, Free Ships, 74 _See_ Rule of 1756. FREIGHT. Captor entitled to, 74 When he takes Goods to Port of Destination, 73 When Captor pays Freight, 74 HOSTILE CHARACTER. Acquired by Trade, 27 HOSTILE PROPERTY. Cannot be transferred _in transitu_, 30 INSURANCES, 12 LICENCES. To Trade with Enemy, 54 Duties of Merchants using Licences, 55 What vessels may be employed under them, 56 The Cargo allowed, 57 Rules with respect thereto, 57 The Voyages permitted, 58 The time of the Licence, 59 Note, 60