[198: This account of armed neutralities has been extracted principally from Kent's Commentaries, vol. i. pp. 126-7; Wheaton on International Law, vol. ii. pp. 165-184; Martens on Privateers, pp. 230-33. There are also most excellent accounts of these celebrated confederacies to be found in the Annual Register, in volumes 23, (1780,) and 43, (1801,) in the portion called the Historical Chronicle.] [199: This Note was originally intended to form part of the text, but was accidentally omitted.] [200: Le Louis.] [201: Vattel, book ii. chap, xviii. sec. 342.] [202: The Boedes Lust, 5 Rob. Adm. Rep. p. 244.] [203: 1 Kent's Com. p. 60.] [204: Lind. _v._ Rodney, Dougl. Rep. p. 614. a.] [205: Lord Stowell argues the principles at length in the Immanuel, 2 Rob. Adm. Rep. 198, 100.] [206: _Vide_ section ii. chap. iii. Contraband of War.] [207: _Vide_ p. 84.] [208: See section ii. chap. ii. Blockades.] [209: This is the doctrine _free ships free goods_, for the first time voluntarily adopted by this country, pp. 72, 74.] [210: According to Vattel, this belligerent right has no existence, and need not therefore be waived, as it could not legally be exercised; but see p. 73.] [211: This grant of general reprisals, though apparently limited in its address, (as to action in the war) to Her Majesty's fleets and ships, does not exclude non-commissioned captors from taking Russian ships, or goods when called upon _by necessity_ to do so. For example, any of our armed merchantmen, who in the present war will not be allowed letters of marque, would be quite justified when beating off the enemy, in also making a capture if possible, and although her prize would become a _Droit of Admiralty_, the captor would be entitled to apply to the court for some compensation. The second part of this declaration is intended to proclaim the preliminary step to establishing the court of prize. The declarations with respect to the embargo laid upon Russian goods and ships in our ports require no comment.] [212: See pages 11 and 12.] [213: The Neptunus, 6 Robinson's Adm. Rep. p. 406; also the Nayade, 4 Rob. p. 251.] [214: Vide post.] [215: See page 74.] [216: See page 75.] [217: This allows free commerce in neutral bottoms to our ports, from Russia. It is difficult to see what is meant by "friendly flags." It cannot mean "a flag of the allies," for that would be giving our allies more than we take ourselves. It is, perhaps, intended to include powers that may not be friendly to Russia, but in that position to ourselves, without being allied to us.] [218: Free trade by British vessels in enemy's property to ports not hostile.]