[2] The three Tory leaders were Harley, now Earl of Oxford (S510), St. John (Viscount Bolingbroke), and Butler (Duke of Ormonde). Bolingbroke and Ormonde fled to Frnce, where the first entered the service of the "Pretender," but he was ultimately permitted to return to England. Ormonde never came back. Harley, as stated above, was sent to the Tower; while there he secretly wrote to the "Pretender" (S490), and offered him his services. Later, the Whigs repealed two harsh religious statutes (S511) directed against Dissenters (S472), which the Tories and the High Churchmen had enacted in the previous reign for the purpose of keeping themselves in power. The House of Hanover, also called Brunswick and Guelf James (Stuart) I of England I +------------------====================== | I Charles I Elizabeth, m. Frederick, | Elector-Palatine,* and ------------------------------- later King of Bohemia | | | I Charles II James II Mary, m. Sophia, m. the Elector | William II of of Hanover+ ----------------------- Orange I | | | | George, Elector of Mary, m. Anne James William III of Hanover, became William III Edward Orange, became George I of England, of Orange, Stuart, William III of 1714 afterward (the so- England, I William III called "Old 1689 George II of England Pretender, I b. 1688, Frederick, Prince of d. 1765 Wales (died before | coming to the throne) Charles Edward I Stuart (the so-called ============================ "Young Pretender"), I I I b. 1720, d. 1788 George IV William IV Edward, Duke of Kent, d. 1820 *Elector-Palatine: a prince ruling over the I territory called the Palatinate in Victoria western Germany, on the Rhine. I +Elector of Hanover: a prince ruling over the Edward VII province of Hanover, a part of the German I Empire, lying on the North Sea. The elector George V received his title from the fact that he was one of a certain number of princes who had the right of electing the German Emperor. 533. Character of the New King.