The Legacy of Greece: Essays By: Gilbert Murray, W. R. Inge, J. Burnet, Sir T. L. Heath, D'arcy W. Thompson, Charles Singer, R. W. Livingston, A. Toynbee, A. E. Zimmern, Percy Gardner, Sir Reginald Blomfield
Philosophy
The Legacy of Greece: Essays By: Gilbert Murray, W. R. Inge, J. Burnet, Sir T. L. Heath, D'arcy W. Thompson, Charles Singer, R. W. Livingston, A. Toynbee, A. E. Zimmern, Percy Gardner, Sir Reginald Blomfield
Greece -- Civilization
The same interest that he exhibits for the development of man and
animals he shows also for plants.
'A seed laid in the ground fills itself with the juices there
contained, for the soil contains in itself juices of every nature
for the nourishment of plants. Thus filled with juice the seed is
distended and swells, and thereby the power (= faculty ἡ δυναμις
{hê dynamis}) diffused in the seed is compressed by pneuma and
juice, and bursting the seed becomes the first leaves. But a time
comes when these leaves can no longer get nourished from the juices
in the seed. Then the seed and the leaves erupt below, for urged by
the leaves the seed sends down that part of its power which is yet
concentrated within it and so the roots are produced as an
extension of the leaves. When at last the plant is well rooted
below and is drawing its nutriment from the earth, then the whole
grain disappears, being absorbed, save for the husk, which is the
most solid part; and even that, decomposing in the earth,
ultimately becomes invisible. In time some of the leaves put forth
branches. The plant being thus produced by humidity from the seed
is still soft and moist. Growing actively both above and below, it
cannot as yet bear fruit, for it has not the quality of force and
reserve (δυναμις ισχυρη και πιαρα {dynamis ischyrê kai piara}) from
which a seed can be precipitated. But when, with time, the plant
becomes firmer and better rooted, it develops veins as passages
both upwards and downwards, and it draws from the soil not only
water but more abundantly also substances that are denser and
fatter. Warmed, too, by the sun, these act as a ferment to the
extremities and give rise to fruit after its kind. The fruit thus
develops much from little, for every plant draws from the earth a
power more abundant than that with which it started, and the
fermentation takes place not at one place but at many.'[16]
[16] περι φυσιος παιδιου {peri physios paidiou}, _On the nature of
the embryo_, § 22.
Nor does our author hesitate to draw an analogy between the plant and
the mammalian embryo. 'In the same way the infant lives within its
mother's womb and in a state corresponding to the health of the mother
... and you will find a complete similitude between the products of the
soil and the products of the womb.'
The early Greek literature is so scantily provided with illustrations
drawn from botanical study, that it is worth considering the remarkable
comparison of generation of plants from cuttings and from seeds in the
same work.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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