The Legacy of Greece: Essays By: Gilbert Murray, W. R. Inge, J. Burnet, Sir T. L. Heath, D'arcy W. Thompson, Charles Singer, R. W. Livingston, A. Toynbee, A. E. Zimmern, Percy Gardner, Sir Reginald Blomfield
Philosophy
The Legacy of Greece: Essays By: Gilbert Murray, W. R. Inge, J. Burnet, Sir T. L. Heath, D'arcy W. Thompson, Charles Singer, R. W. Livingston, A. Toynbee, A. E. Zimmern, Percy Gardner, Sir Reginald Blomfield
Greece -- Civilization
When we examine the Hippocratic corpus more closely, we discern that not
only are the treatises by many hands, but there is not even a uniform
opinion and doctrine running through them. This is well brought out by
some of the more famous of the phrases of this remarkable collection.
Thus a well-known passage from the _Airs, Waters, and Places_ tells us
that the Scythians attribute a certain physical disability to a god,
'but it appears to me', says the author, 'that these affections are just
as much divine as are all others and that no disease is either more
divine or more human than another, but that all are equally divine, for
each of them has its own nature, and none of them arise without a
natural cause.' But, on the other hand, the author of the great work on
_Prognostics_ advises us that when the physician is called in he must
seek to ascertain the nature of the affections that he is treating, and
especially 'if there be anything divine in the disease, and to learn a
foreknowledge of this also.'[72] We may note too that this sentence
almost immediately precedes what is perhaps the most famous of all the
Hippocratic sentences, the description of what has since been termed the
_Hippocratic facies_. This wonderful description of the signs of death
may be given as an illustration of the habitual attitude of the
Hippocratic school towards prognosis and of the very careful way in
which they noted details:
'He [the physician] should observe thus in acute diseases: first,
the countenance of the patient, if it be like to those who are in
health, _and especially if it be like itself, for this would be the
best_; but the more unlike to this, the worse it is; such would be
these: _sharp nose, hollow eyes, collapsed temples; ears cold,
contracted, and their lobes turned out; skin about the forehead
rough, distended, and parched; the colour of the whole face
greenish or dusky_. If the countenance be so at the beginning of
the disease, and if this cannot be accounted for from the other
symptoms, inquiry must be made whether he has passed a sleepless
night; whether his bowels have been very loose; or whether he is
suffering from hunger; and if any of these be admitted the danger
may be reckoned as less; and it may be judged in the course of a
day and night if the appearance of the countenance proceed from
these. But if none of these be said to exist, and the symptoms do
not subside in that time, be it known for certain that death is at
hand.'[73]
[72] Kühlewein, i. 79, regards this as an interpolated passage.
[73] Littré, ii. 112; Kühlewein, i. 79. The texts vary: Kühlewein is
followed except in the last sentence.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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