The Legacy of Greece: Essays By: Gilbert Murray, W. R. Inge, J. Burnet, Sir T. L. Heath, D'arcy W. Thompson, Charles Singer, R. W. Livingston, A. Toynbee, A. E. Zimmern, Percy Gardner, Sir Reginald Blomfield
Philosophy
The Legacy of Greece: Essays By: Gilbert Murray, W. R. Inge, J. Burnet, Sir T. L. Heath, D'arcy W. Thompson, Charles Singer, R. W. Livingston, A. Toynbee, A. E. Zimmern, Percy Gardner, Sir Reginald Blomfield
Greece -- Civilization
Such records as these may be contrasted with certain others that have
come down from Greek antiquity. We may instance two steles discovered at
Epidaurus in 1885, bearing accounts of forty-four temple cures. The
following two are fair samples of the cures there described:
'_Aristagora of Troizen._ She had tape-worm, and while she slept in
the Temple of Asclepius at Troizen, she saw a vision. She thought
that, as the god was not present, but was away in Epidaurus, his
sons cut off her head, but were unable to put it back again. Then
they sent a messenger to Asclepius asking him to come to Troizen.
Meanwhile day came, and the priest actually saw her head cut off
from the body. The next night Aristagora had a dream. She thought
the god came from Epidaurus and fastened her head on to her neck.
Then he cut open her belly, and stitched it up again. So she was
cured.'
'A man had an abdominal abscess. He saw a vision, and thought that
the god ordered the slaves who accompanied him to lift him up and
hold him, so that his abdomen could be cut open. The man tried to
get away, but his slaves caught him and bound him. So Asclepius cut
him open, rid him of the abscess, and then stitched him up again,
releasing him from his bonds. Straightway he departed cured, and
the floor of the Abaton was covered with blood.'[79]
[79] The Epidaurian inscriptions are given by M. Fraenkel in the
_Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum_ IV, 951-6, and are discussed by
Mary Hamilton (Mrs. Guy Dickins), _Incubation_, St. Andrews, 1906,
from whose translation I have quoted. Further inscriptions are given
by Cavvadias in the _Archaiologike Ephemeris_, 1918, p. 155 (issued
1921).
In the records of almost all temple cures, a great number of which have
survived in a wide variety of documents, an essential element is the
process of εγκοιμησις {enkoimêsis}, _incubation_ or temple sleep,
usually in a special sleeping-place or Abaton. The process has a close
parallel in certain modern Greek churches and in places of worship much
further West; there are even traces of it in these islands, and it is
more than probable that the Christian practice is descended by direct
continuity from the pagan.[80] The whole character of the temple
treatment was--and is--of a kind to suggest to the patient that he
should dream of the god, an event which therefore usually takes place.
Such treatment by suggestion is applicable only to certain classes of
disease and is always liable to fall into the hands of fanatics and
impostors. The difficulty that the honest practitioner encounters is
that the sufferer, in the nature of the case, can hardly be brought to
believe that his ailment is what in fact it is, a lesion of the mind. It
is this which gives the miracle-monger his chance.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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