The Lenâpé and Their Legends: With the complete text and symbols of the Walam olum, a new translation, and an inquiry into its authenticityBrinton, Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison)
History
The Lenâpé and Their Legends: With the complete text and symbols of the Walam olum, a new translation, and an inquiry into its authenticity
Brinton, Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison)
Delaware Indians; Delaware language -- Texts; Picture-writing, Indian
An interesting specimen of the South Jersey dialect of the Lenape is
preserved in the office of the Secretary of State, Trenton, N.J. It is
a list of 237 words and phrases obtained in 1684, at Salem, N.J. It was
published in the _American Historical Record_, vol. I, pp. 308-311,
1872. The orthography is English, and it is evidently the same trader's
jargon which Gabriel Thomas gives. (See p. 76.) The _r_ is frequent;
man is _renus leno_; devil is _manitto_; God is _hockung tappin_
(literally, "he who is above"). There are several typographical errors
in the printed vocabulary.
REV. ADAM GRUBE. (_p. 84._)
His full name was Bernhard Adam Grube. Between 1760-63 he was
missionary in charge of the Moravian mission at Wechquetank, Monroe
County, Pa., and there translated into Delaware, with the aid of a
native named Anton, a "Harmony of the Gospels," and prepared an "Essay
of a Delaware Hymn Book." Both these were printed by J. Brandmüller, at
Friedensthal, Pa., and issued in 1763; but no copy of either is known
to exist.
EASTERN ORIGIN OF THE ALGONKINS. (_pp. 12_ and _145._)
Quite recently M. Emile Petitot, in an article entitled, "_De la
pretendue Origine Orientale des Algonquins_" (_Bulletin de la Société
d'Anthropologie_, 1884, p. 248), has attacked the theory that the
Algonkin migrations were from the northeasterly portions of the
American continent, toward the west and south. His arguments are based
on two Cree legends which he relates, one of which is certainly and
the other probably of modern date, as the incidents show; and on his
criticism of the derivation of the name "Abnaki". Of this he says:
"_Wabang_ signifie plutôt detroit que orient; et quant au mot _askiy_
ou _ahkiy_, il vent dire _terre_, et non pas _peuple_".
Now, no one ever claimed that _abnaki_ meant eastern people. The Abbé
Maurault translates the form _Abanki_ by "terre au Levant." (_Histoire
des Abénakis_, Introd. p. ii, Quebec, 1866.) In Cree _wapaw_, in
Chipeway _wabi_, mean narrows or strait; but they are derivatives from
the root _wab_, and mean a light or open place between two approaching
shores, as Chip. _wabigama_, or _wabimagad_, "there is a strait between
the two shores." (Baraga, _Otchipwe Dictionary_.) The name Abnaki is,
moreover, no argument either for or against the eastern origin of the
Algonkin stock, as it was merely a local term applied to a very small
branch of it by the French. Hence M. Petitot's criticisms on the theory
under consideration are misplaced and of no weight.
To what has been said in the text I may add that the Algonkins who
visited Montreal early in the 17th century retained distinct traditions
that they had once possessed the land to the east of that city, and
had been driven south and west by the Huron-Iroquois. See the Abbé
Maurault, _Histoire des Abénakis_, p. 111, and Wm. W. Warren, _Hist. of
the Ojibways_, Chap. IV (Minnesota, Hist. Colls., 1885).
INDEX OF AUTHORS
(_The principal references are in full-faced type._)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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