The Library of Work and Play: Electricity and Its Everyday UsesWoodhull, John F. (John Francis)
Science
The Library of Work and Play: Electricity and Its Everyday Uses
Woodhull, John F. (John Francis)
Electricity -- Juvenile literature
Mr. Cahill's great organ looks like a large machine shop with many
counter shafts geared so as to run at different speeds. On each shaft
are a large number of little dynamos whose armatures have various
numbers of coils. The organist, who may be far removed from this
"machine shop," fingers an ordinary keyboard. Each key opens and closes
a switch, thus bringing into action its own dynamo.
If the key which is known as _C_, one octave below middle _C_, is
pressed down, a switch closes the circuit between the telephone and a
dynamo which gives 128 double alternations of current.
The tone which is produced by 128 vibrations per second is the one most
often heard from a man's voice in ordinary conversation.
Another key brings into action upon the same telephone receiver--and
at the same time if desired--a dynamo which gives twice as many
alternations per second and produces the tone most often heard in
female conversation. It is middle _C_.
Another key might bring into action a dynamo which gives 64 vibrations
per second to the diaphragm of the telephone receiver. This would send
forth a tone very nearly like the base note of our 60-cycle alternating
current dynamo.
The following table shows a series of ten tones which might be produced
by the same little piece of sheet iron in a telephone receiver played
upon by ten dynamos at the same time. The whole list of ten tones would
sound well when produced simultaneously. The great mystery is that
the iron disc can vibrate in such a complex manner. It is important
to note, however, that the number of vibrations in each of the upper
tones is a multiple of that of the lowest tone:
2nd octave above C´´--1024 (= 16 × 64)
Middle C G´ -- 768 (= 12 × 64)
E´ -- 640 (= 10 × 64)[A]
1st octave above C´ -- 512 (= 8 × 64)
Middle C G -- 384 (= 6 × 64)
E -- 320 (= 5 × 64)
Middle C C -- 256 (= 4 × 64)[B]
1st octave below G -- 196 (= 3 × 64)
Middle C C, -- 128 (= 2 × 64)[C]
2nd octave below C,,-- 64 (= 1 × 64)
Middle C
[C] The tone most easily reproduced by the vocal cords of a man.
[B] The tone most easily reproduced by the vocal cords of a woman.
[A] The tone which the telephone receiver responds to most readily.
The table covers the range of the human voice, male and female.
All the intermediate tones, with their sharps and their flats, are
produced each by its own separate dynamo.
The insignificant amount of current required to operate a telephone
receiver makes it possible to furnish the music of these dynamos to
many and far distant telephones. This naturally suggests the idea
of having a great musician perform upon the keyboard and have many
auditors scattered about the city in their private homes or even in
many public halls, for the telephone receiver can readily be made
audible to a good-sized audience.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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