The Library of Work and Play: Electricity and Its Everyday UsesWoodhull, John F. (John Francis)
Science
The Library of Work and Play: Electricity and Its Everyday Uses
Woodhull, John F. (John Francis)
Electricity -- Juvenile literature
Suppose now we should undertake to use the same flasher and the same
lamp on a 220-volt current. This might push more current through than
the small wire could carry. It might melt, or its insulation might burn
off before _a_ made contact with _b_; if not the lamp would certainly
burn out after the contact. If we undertook to operate with this
flasher several 32-candle-power lamps instead of one upon the 110-volt
circuit, the result would be the same, for in that case the resistance
would be reduced and, therefore, a greater current would pass than the
wire could carry without undue heating.
[Illustration: Fig. 86]
The boys were at first troubled to see how increasing the number of
lamps in a circuit would decrease the resistance in that circuit. Fig.
86 was drawn to explain the matter. The lamps _l_, _l_, _l_, etc., are
connected _in parallel_. Each lamp makes an independent connection from
one feed wire to the other. The flasher _a_ acts as a switch to close
the circuit for the whole.
Now if we think of these wires as pipes to conduct water we would say
that water flows from _D_ to _E_ through ten pipes more readily than
through one. It would meet with only one tenth as much resistance. The
result would be the same, if we should substitute for the ten pipes one
pipe ten times as large in cross section. So it is with wires which are
conducting electricity. Introduce two in parallel, and you allow twice
as much current to pass by reducing the resistance to one half. Ten
parallel conductors reduce the resistance to one tenth and allow ten
times as much current to pass.
[Illustration: Fig. 87]
It is to be noticed that this flasher is an automatic switch which is
opened or closed according to temperature. Remove the fine wire from
_a_ and we have precisely the device which regulated the temperature in
our electric incubator. Suppose the "thermostat" (as it is called in
that case) is placed within the egg chamber which is to be kept at 103
degrees. A screw in the metal strip _c_ underneath the end of _a_ may
be set so that it will normally touch _a_. Suppose now the brass strip
is underneath the strip of iron in _a_. As the hot plate warms up the
egg chamber, the brass will expand more than the iron, and the bar will
curve upward and break the connection with _c_. As soon as the current
stops the temperature of the chamber begins to fall, and the bar curves
downward again until connection is made. This device is capable of
adjustment so as to keep the temperature constantly at 103 degrees or
any other desired degree. The device is in use for scores of different
purposes, including the regulation of temperature in school rooms.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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