[237] Compare vol. i. 219, 220. For the war between Turkey and Persia, see Creasy, _History of the Ottoman Turks_, chap, xii, and Von Hammer, bks. xxxviii. and xl. Peace was concluded in 1590, Persia ceding Tabriz, Shirwan, and Georgia. [238] Philippe Emmanuel, Marquis de Nomeny, son of Nicolas Comte de Vaudemont and Duc de Mercœur, married Marie, daughter and heiress of Sebastian de Luxembourg, Vicomte de Martigues and Duc de Penthièvre. (See page 80.) He succeeded his father as Duc de Mercœur in 1577, and was appointed Governor of Brittany in 1582. During the civil wars after Henry III.’s death, he aspired to make himself independent. With this view he negotiated with Philip II., and introduced Spanish troops into Brittany. He maintained his position till 1598, when he was obliged to surrender to Henry IV. He then entered the service of the Emperor Rodolph, and fought in Hungary against the Turks. He died at Nuremberg on his way home in 1602. His only daughter and heiress was married to Cæsar, Duc de Vendôme, Henry IV.’s son by Gabrielle d’Estrées. In a caricature described by de l’Estoile (ii. 230) representing the chiefs of the League, the motto given to the Duc de Mercœur is ‘Symbolum ingratitudinis.’ [239] See Letter XXXVII. [240] For Lansac’s piracies, see _De l’Estoile_, ii. 361. [241] Charles de Cossé-Brissac, nephew of Maréchal Cossé (p. 8). He acted as Strozzi’s lieutenant (see note p 146). Froude in his account of the French expedition to the Azores calls him ‘the Huguenot de Brissac,’ whereas he was one of the chiefs of the League. For his attempted seizure of Angers, see _Mezeray_, iii. 769, 770. He was appointed Governor of Paris by Mayenne at the request of the Spanish Ambassadors in 1594. _Mezeray_, iii. 1101-2. [242] See note 1, p. 260. [243] See Ranke, _Civil Wars and Monarchy in France_, chap. xxii. [244] The Marquis of Richebourg and the Seigneur de Billy, a distinguished Portuguese officer, were both killed. See Motley, _United Netherlands_, i. 191-196. [245] See _Thuanus_, iv. 10. [246] See _Froude_, chap. lxvii. [247] The grant was made by the deputies of the Clergy assembled at the Abbey of Saint-Germain des Prés, on October 2, and on the 16th, a second Edict against the Huguenots was published ordering them to conform or leave the kingdom within fifteen days.—_De l’Estoile_, ii. 213. [248] See _Thuanus_, iv. 50 seq. [249] The Seigneur de Tavannes, appointed Governor by the League. See _De l’Estoile_, ii. 216. [250] Dated August 28, 1585. Published in Paris towards the end of September.—_De l’Estoile_, ii. 210. See Motley, _United Netherlands_, i. 132. [251] Brother of the Prince de Condé. After his uncle’s death he assumed the title of Cardinal de Bourbon, see note, page 7. [252] M. Savary de Lancosme, nephew of M. de Villequier, one of the King’s favourites.