FOOTNOTES: [A] Vide Frontispiece to this Chapter. [B] Mr. Rennie. [C] The definition of the words Caterpillar, Grub, Maggot, as popularly understood, is as follows:-- A _Caterpillar_ is the larva of a butterfly, moth, or saw-fly, often hairy, and always provided with a larger or smaller number of legs. A _Grub_ is the larva of a beetle, having six feet and a smooth body. A _Maggot_ is the larva of a bee, wasp, or fly, and has no legs. [D] One of these insects which fell under the writer's notice pierced and sucked dry aphides of several different species quite indifferently. [E] This scene is represented in the Frontispiece. [F] To protect the wine from them it is customary to have little silver covers for the wine-glasses, which are put on immediately that the glass is taken from the lips. [G] Vide "The Life of a Tree." [H] The insect in the act of squirting is shown in the Frontispiece to this Part. [I] Mr. Blackwall has discovered that by carefully examining the _feet_ of spiders, this mistake may be avoided. [J] M. Bonnet writes of the pupa of a moth, that it can climb up and down inside its cocoon like a chimney-sweep in a chimney! Some twirl about inside their cocoons; and it is said that a great entomologist was once so terrified by the curious noise thus made, that he nearly threw down the box in which it was, in his alarm. [K] From a Latin word, signifying "covered," or "disguised." [L] From a Latin word, signifying "compressed into a small compass." [M] All pupæ cannot be thus hastened or retarded by influence of external heat or cold. The pupæ of a moth, very common in our fields, if all exposed to the same temperature will some of them develop this year, some the next, and some the year following. This singular fact cannot be explained. [N] This scene is depicted in the Frontispiece to the last Part. [O] Now-a-days the chemist might also answer, _Gutta Percha_; for it is a singular fact that strong acids have no action upon that curious substance. [P] That is, the twelfth part of an inch. [Q] This scene is represented in the Frontispiece to Part III. [R] See page 241. [S] See p. 316. [T] Several other explanations of red-rain are given, which account for it by the presence of animalcules, fungi, &c. [U] Vide the admirable Address of W. Spence, Esq. F.R.S. President of the Entomological Society for 1849; p. 5. [V] The proboscis of the carpenter-bee differs from that of the honey-bee, possessing a curious notched sheath, as represented in the lower cut. [W] If we refuse to adopt Dr. Erichson's view of the use of the antennæ. [X] This plant is a native of South Africa, and a fine specimen of it exists in the conservatories at Kew. Its botanical name is _Stapelia_.