But all this belongs to the story of the Middle Ages, not to the life of the founder of the empire. It would be absurd to say that he could have foreseen all the weak points of the great, and on the whole beneficent, institution which he bestowed on Western Europe. And whatever estimate we may form of the good or the evil which resulted from the great event of the eight hundredth Christmas day, none will deny that the whole history of Europe for at least seven hundred years was profoundly modified by the life and mighty deeds of Charles the Great. APPENDIX A GENEALOGY OF THE ANCESTORS OF CHARLES THE GREAT St. Arnulf, 582–640; Pippin “of Landin,” = Itta (?) Bishop of Metz, 612–627 (?) 585–639. | 591–651. | | +----------+-----------+ +---------+----+-----+ | | | | | Chlodulf, 599–696; Adelgisel or = Becga Grimwald Gertrude, Bishop of Metz, 656–696. Ansegisel, | 615–694. †658. Abbess of 605–685 (?) | | Nivelles, | | 625–659. +---------+ | | Childebert proclaimed king by | his father, 657. | Plectrudis = Pippin “of Heristal,” = Alphaida | 631–714. · +----------+----+ · | | · Drogo, Grimwald, Hrotrudis = Charles Martel, = Swanahild. †708. †714. | 686–741. | | | | Theudwald. | Grifo, †753. | +---------------+----------+ | | Carloman, PIPPIN I., = Bertrada, †783. 713–755; _b._ 714; | abdicated 747. crowned | 752, †768. | | +--------------+----------------+ | | CHARLES the Great, _b._ 742 (?), CARLOMAN, _b._ 751, king 768, Emperor 800, †814. king 768, †771. _Note._--Many of the above dates are conjectural. APPENDIX B FAMILY OF ST. CHARLES THE GREAT